A-Level Economics · ⁨A-Level 经济学⁩

1.1 Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost · ⁨稀缺性、选择与机会成本⁩ 1.2 Economic methodology · ⁨经济学方法论⁩ 1.3 Factors of production · ⁨生产要素⁩ 1.4 Resource allocation in different economic systems · ⁨不同经济体制下的资源配置⁩ 1.5 Production possibility curves · ⁨生产可能性曲线⁩ 1.6 Classification of goods and services · ⁨商品与服务的分类⁩

2.1 Demand and supply curves · ⁨需求曲线与供给曲线⁩ 2.2 Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand · ⁨需求的价格弹性、收入弹性与交叉弹性⁩ 2.3.1 Price elasticity of demand · ⁨需求价格弹性⁩ 2.3.2 Income and cross elasticity of demand · ⁨需求的收入弹性与交叉弹性⁩ 2.3.3 Price elasticity of supply · ⁨供给价格弹性⁩ 2.4 The interaction of demand and supply · ⁨需求与供给的相互作用⁩ 2.5 Consumer and producer surplus · ⁨消费者剩余与生产者剩余⁩

3.1 Reasons for government intervention in markets · ⁨政府干预市场的原因⁩ 3.2.1 Other reasons for intervention · ⁨介入的其他理由⁩ 3.2.2 Taxes and subsidies · ⁨税收与补贴⁩ 3.2.3 Price controls, regulation and government failure · ⁨价格管制、监管与政府失灵⁩ 3.3 Addressing income and wealth inequality · ⁨应对收入与财富不平等⁩

4.1 National income statistics · ⁨国民收入统计⁩ 4.2 Introduction to the circular flow of income · ⁨收入循环流转导论⁩ 4.3 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply analysis · ⁨总需求与总供给分析⁩ 4.4 Economic growth · ⁨经济增长⁩ 4.5 Unemployment · ⁨失业⁩ 4.6 Price stability · ⁨价格稳定⁩

5.1 Government macroeconomic policy objectives · ⁨政府宏观经济政策目标⁩ 5.2 Fiscal policy · ⁨财政政策⁩ 5.3 Monetary policy · ⁨货币政策⁩ 5.4 Supply-side policy · ⁨供给侧政策⁩

6.1 The reasons for international trade · ⁨国际贸易的原因⁩ 6.2 Protectionism · ⁨贸易保护主义⁩ 6.3 Current account of the balance of payments · ⁨国际收支经常账户⁩ 6.4 Exchange rates · ⁨汇率⁩ 6.5 Policies to correct imbalances in the current account of the balance of payments · ⁨纠正经常账户失衡的政策⁩

7.1 Utility · ⁨效用⁩ 7.2 Indifference curves and budget lines · ⁨无差异曲线与预算线⁩ 7.3 Efficiency and market failure · ⁨效率与市场失灵⁩ 7.4 Private costs and benefits, externalities and social costs and benefits · ⁨私人成本与收益、外部性与社会成本与收益⁩ 7.5 Types of cost, revenue and profit, short-run and long-run production · ⁨成本、收益与利润的类型，短期与长期生产⁩ 7.6 Different market structures · ⁨不同的市场结构⁩ 7.7 Growth and survival of firms · ⁨企业的成长与生存⁩ 7.8.1 Competition and price discrimination · ⁨竞争与价格歧视⁩ 7.8.2 Growth and survival of firms · ⁨企业的成长与生存⁩ 7.8.3 Differing objectives and policies of firms · ⁨企业目标和政策的不同⁩

8.1 Government policies to achieve efficient resource allocation and correct market failure · ⁨实现高效资源配置与纠正市场失灵的政府政策⁩ 8.2 Equity and redistribution of income and wealth · ⁨公平与收入和财富的再分配⁩ 8.3.1 The labour market · ⁨劳动市场⁩ 8.3.2 Labour market forces and intervention · ⁨劳动市场力量与介入⁩

9.1 The circular flow of income · ⁨收入循环流转⁩ 9.2 Economic growth and sustainability · ⁨经济增长与可持续性⁩ 9.3 Employment/unemployment · ⁨就业/失业⁩ 9.4 Money and banking · ⁨货币与银行⁩

10.1 Government macroeconomic policy objectives · ⁨政府宏观经济政策目标⁩ 10.2 Links between macroeconomic problems and their interrelatedness · ⁨宏观经济问题之间的关联与相互关系⁩ 10.3 Effectiveness of policy options to meet all macroeconomic objectives · ⁨实现所有宏观经济目标的政策选择的有效性⁩

11.1 Policies to correct disequilibrium in the balance of payments · ⁨纠正国际收支失衡的政策⁩ 11.2 Exchange rates · ⁨汇率⁩ 11.3 Economic development · ⁨经济发展⁩ 11.4 Characteristics of countries at different levels of development · ⁨不同发展水平国家的特征⁩ 11.5 Relationship between countries at different levels of development · ⁨不同发展水平国家之间的关系⁩ 11.6 Globalisation · ⁨全球化⁩