A-Level Chemistry · ⁨A-Level 化学⁩

1.1.1 Particles in the atom · ⁨原子中的粒子⁩ 1.1.2 Atomic and ionic radius · ⁨原子半径与离子半径⁩ 1.2 Isotopes · ⁨同位素⁩ 1.3.1 Electron configuration · ⁨电子排布⁩ 1.3.2 Orbitals and electrons in boxes · ⁨轨道与电子方框图⁩ 1.4 Ionisation energy · ⁨电离能⁩

2.1 Relative masses of atoms and molecules · ⁨原子与分子的相对质量⁩ 2.2 The mole and the Avogadro constant · ⁨摩尔与阿伏伽德罗常数⁩ 2.3.1 Formulas and equations · ⁨化学方程式与配平⁩ 2.3.2 Empirical and molecular formulas · ⁨实验式和分子式⁩ 2.4.1 Reacting masses and yield · ⁨反应物质量与产率⁩ 2.4.2 Gas volumes and solutions · ⁨气体体积与溶液⁩

3.1 Electronegativity and bonding · ⁨电负性与成键⁩ 3.2 Ionic bonding · ⁨离子键⁩ 3.3 Metallic bonding · ⁨金属键⁩ 3.4.1 Covalent and coordinate bonding · ⁨共价键合与配位键合⁩ 3.4.2 Sigma and pi bonds · ⁨σ 键与 π 键⁩ 3.5 Shapes of molecules · ⁨分子的形状⁩ 3.6.1 Polarity and van der Waals forces · ⁨极性与范德华力⁩ 3.6.2 Hydrogen bonding · ⁨氢键⁩ 3.7 Dot-and-cross diagrams · ⁨电子点叉图⁩

4.1 The gaseous state: ideal and real gases and pV = nRT · ⁨气态：理想气体与真实气体及 pV = nRT⁩ 4.2.1 Giant structures · ⁨巨型结构⁩ 4.2.2 Physical properties from structure · ⁨结构决定的物理性质⁩

5.1.1 Enthalpy change and reaction pathways · ⁨焓变和反应途径⁩ 5.1.2 Bond energies and calorimetry · ⁨键能和量热法⁩ 5.2 Hess’s law · ⁨盖斯定律⁩

6.1.1 Oxidation number and redox · ⁨氧化数和氧化还原⁩ 6.1.2 Balancing redox and agents · ⁨配平氧化还原和试剂⁩

7.1.1 Dynamic equilibrium · ⁨动态平衡⁩ 7.1.2 Le Chatelier's principle · ⁨勒夏特列原理⁩ 7.1.3 Equilibrium constants · ⁨平衡常数⁩ 7.1.4 The Haber and Contact processes · ⁨哈伯法和接触法⁩ 7.2.1 Acids and bases · ⁨酸和碱⁩ 7.2.2 Strong and weak acids and bases · ⁨强酸碱和弱酸碱⁩ 7.2.3 Neutralisation and titration curves · ⁨中和和滴定曲线⁩

8.1 Rate of reaction · ⁨反应速率⁩ 8.2 Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy · ⁨温度对反应速率的影响与活化能概念⁩ 8.3 Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts · ⁨均相与多相催化剂⁩

9.1 Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3 · ⁨第三周期元素物理性质的周期性⁩ 9.2.1 Reactions across Period 3 · ⁨横穿第三周期的反应⁩ 9.2.2 Oxides and chlorides with water · ⁨氧化物和氯化物与水⁩ 9.3 Chemical periodicity of other elements · ⁨其他元素的化学周期性⁩

10.1.1 The Group 2 metals · ⁨第 2 族金属⁩ 10.1.2 Thermal decomposition and solubility · ⁨热分解和溶解度⁩

11.1 Physical properties of the Group 17 elements · ⁨第17族元素的物理性质⁩ 11.2 The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides · ⁨卤素与卤化氢的化学性质⁩ 11.3 Some reactions of the halide ions · ⁨卤离子的一些反应⁩ 11.4 The reactions of chlorine · ⁨氯的反应⁩

12.1.1 Nitrogen and ammonia · ⁨氮和氨⁩ 12.1.2 Oxides of nitrogen and pollution · ⁨氮的氧化物和污染⁩

13.1 Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds · ⁨有机化合物的化学式、官能团与命名⁩ 13.2.1 Bond fission and attacking species · ⁨键断裂和进攻的物种⁩ 13.2.2 Reaction and mechanism types · ⁨反应和机理类型⁩ 13.3 Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds · ⁨有机分子的形状；σ键与π键⁩ 13.4.1 Structural isomerism · ⁨结构异构⁩ 13.4.2 Stereoisomerism · ⁨立体异构⁩

14.1.1 Alkanes · ⁨烷烃⁩ 14.1.2 Free-radical substitution · ⁨自由基取代⁩ 14.2.1 Alkenes and their reactions · ⁨烯烃和它们的反应⁩ 14.2.2 Polymerisation and the addition mechanism · ⁨聚合和加成机理⁩

15.1.1 Halogenoalkanes and nucleophilic substitution · ⁨卤代烷和亲核取代⁩ 15.1.2 Elimination and SN1/SN2 mechanisms · ⁨消除和 SN1/SN2 机理⁩

16.1.1 Alcohols — making and reactions · ⁨醇——制造和反应⁩ 16.1.2 Oxidation of alcohols and tests · ⁨醇的氧化和检验⁩

17.1.1 Aldehydes and ketones · ⁨醛和酮⁩ 17.1.2 Tests for carbonyl compounds · ⁨羰基化合物的检验⁩

18.1 Carboxylic acids · ⁨羧酸⁩ 18.2 Esters · ⁨酯⁩

19.1 Primary amines · ⁨伯胺⁩ 19.2 Nitriles and hydroxynitriles · ⁨腈与羟基腈⁩

20.1 Addition polymerisation · ⁨加成聚合⁩

21.1.1 Identifying groups and the reaction map · ⁨识别基团和反应图⁩ 21.1.2 Planning a synthetic route · ⁨规划一条合成路线⁩

22.1 Infrared spectroscopy · ⁨红外光谱⁩ 22.2 Mass spectrometry · ⁨质谱⁩

23.1 Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycles · ⁨晶格能与玻恩–哈伯循环⁩ 23.2 Enthalpies of solution and hydration · ⁨溶解焓与水合焓⁩ 23.3 Entropy change, ΔS · ⁨熵变 ΔS⁩ 23.4 Gibbs free energy change, ΔG · ⁨吉布斯自由能变 ΔG⁩

24.1 Electrolysis · ⁨电解⁩ 24.2.1 Standard electrode potentials · ⁨标准电极电位⁩ 24.2.2 Feasibility and the Nernst equation · ⁨可行性和能斯特方程⁩

25.1.1 Conjugate pairs and pH · ⁨共轭对和 pH⁩ 25.1.2 Buffer solutions · ⁨缓冲溶液⁩ 25.1.3 Solubility product · ⁨溶度积⁩ 25.2 Partition coefficients · ⁨分配系数⁩

26.1.1 Rate equations and orders · ⁨速率方程和级数⁩ 26.1.2 Half-life and the rate constant · ⁨半衰期和速率常数⁩ 26.2.1 Reaction mechanisms · ⁨反应机理⁩ 26.2.2 Catalysts · ⁨催化剂⁩

27.1.1 Thermal stability of Group 2 compounds · ⁨第 2 族化合物的热稳定性⁩ 27.1.2 Solubility of Group 2 compounds · ⁨第 2 族化合物的溶解度⁩

28.1 General physical and chemical properties of the first row of transition elements, titanium to copper · ⁨第一行过渡元素（钛到铜）的一般物理与化学性质⁩ 28.2.1 Ligands and complexes · ⁨配体和配合物⁩ 28.2.2 Ligand exchange and redox · ⁨配体交换和氧化还原⁩ 28.3 Colour of complexes · ⁨配合物的颜色⁩ 28.4 Stereoisomerism in transition element complexes · ⁨过渡元素配合物中的立体异构⁩ 28.5 Stability constants, Kstab · ⁨稳定常数 Kstab⁩

29.1 Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds · ⁨有机化合物的化学式、官能团与命名⁩ 29.2 Characteristic organic reactions · ⁨有机特征反应⁩ 29.3 Shapes of aromatic organic molecules; σ and π bonds · ⁨芳香有机分子的形状；σ键与π键⁩ 29.4 Isomerism: optical · ⁨同分异构：旋光异构⁩

30.1.1 Arenes and their reactions · ⁨芳烃及其反应⁩ 30.1.2 Side-chain, ring and directing effects · ⁨侧链、环和定向效应⁩

31.1 Halogen compounds · ⁨卤素化合物⁩

32.1 Alcohols · ⁨醇⁩ 32.2 Phenol · ⁨苯酚⁩

33.1 Carboxylic acids · ⁨羧酸⁩ 33.2 Esters · ⁨酯⁩ 33.3 Acyl chlorides · ⁨酰氯⁩

34.1 Primary and secondary amines · ⁨伯胺与仲胺⁩ 34.2 Phenylamine and azo compounds · ⁨苯胺与偶氮化合物⁩ 34.3 Amides · ⁨酰胺⁩ 34.4 Amino acids · ⁨氨基酸⁩

35.1 Condensation polymerisation · ⁨缩合聚合⁩ 35.2 Predicting the type of polymerisation · ⁨预测聚合类型⁩ 35.3 Degradable polymers · ⁨可降解聚合物⁩

36.1 Organic synthesis · ⁨有机合成⁩

37.1 Thin-layer chromatography · ⁨薄层色谱⁩ 37.2 Gas/liquid chromatography · ⁨气相/液相色谱⁩ 37.3 Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy · ⁨碳-13 核磁共振谱⁩ 37.4 Proton (1H) NMR spectroscopy · ⁨质子（¹H）核磁共振谱⁩