Reactions of chlorine · 氯的反应
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| chlorate/ˈklɔːreɪt/ | 氯酸盐 | lǜ suān yán |
| disproportionation/ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːʃəneɪʃn/ | 歧化 | qí huà |
| water purification/ˈwɔːtə ˌpjʊərɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | 水净化 | shuǐ jìng huà |
| bacteria/bækˈtɪərɪə/ | 细菌 | xì jūn |
The chemistry that cleans water
- Chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide in two ways.
- In both, chlorine is disproportionated.
- A little chlorine also makes water safe to drink.
清洁水的化学
- 氯以两种方式与氢氧化钠反应。
- 在两者中,氯都被歧化(disproportionated)。
- 一点点氯也使水可以安全饮用。
Chlorine reaction route · 氯反应途径
Follow chlorine from water treatment to redox reactions. · 从水处理到氧化还原反应跟踪氯。
Chlorine reacts with water to form a mixture used to disinfect water supplies. · 氯与水反应形成一个用于给供水消毒的混合物。
It forms chloric(I) acid, which kills microbes. · 它形成氯酸(I),它杀死微生物。
With sodium hydroxide
- Cold, dilute NaOH → chloride + chlorate 氯酸盐(I):
$$\text{Cl}_2 + 2\text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{NaClO} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$
- Hot, concentrated NaOH → chloride + chlorate(V):
$$3\text{Cl}_2 + 6\text{NaOH} \rightarrow 5\text{NaCl} + \text{NaClO}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}$$
- In both, chlorine's oxidation number goes both up and down from 0 — disproportionation 歧化.
Chlorine is added to pool water to kill microbes
与氢氧化钠
- 冷、稀 NaOH → 氯化物 + 氯酸盐(I)(chlorate(I)):
$$\text{Cl}_2 + 2\text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{NaClO} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$
- 热、浓 NaOH → 氯化物 + 氯酸盐(V)(chlorate(V)):
$$3\text{Cl}_2 + 6\text{NaOH} \rightarrow 5\text{NaCl} + \text{NaClO}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}$$
- 在两者中,氯的氧化数从 0 既上升又下降——歧化。
氯被加到泳池水中以杀死微生物
Chlorine with cold, dilute sodium hydroxide forms: · 氯与冷、稀氢氧化钠形成:
Cl₂ + 2NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H₂O (chlorate(I)); hot concentrated NaOH gives chlorate(V) instead. · Cl₂ + 2NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H₂O(氯酸盐(I));热浓 NaOH 改为给出氯酸盐(V)。
These reactions of chlorine with NaOH are disproportionation because chlorine: · 氯与 NaOH 的这些反应是歧化,因为氯:
Some chlorine goes to −1 (chloride) and some to +1 or +5 (chlorate) — the same element both up and down. · 一些氯变成 −1(氯化物),一些变成 +1 或 +5(氯酸盐)——同一个元素既上又下。
In the reaction of chlorine with sodium hydroxide, chlorine is both oxidised and reduced. · 在氯与氢氧化钠的反应中,氯既被氧化又被还原。
That is what makes it a disproportionation reaction. · 那就是使它成为一个歧化反应的原因。
Match each chlorine reaction to its product/role. · 把每个氯反应匹配到它的产物/作用。
Each item links the term to its correct meaning. · 每一项把术语链接到它正确的含义。
Water purification 水净化
- A little chlorine is added to water:
$$\text{Cl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{HOCl} + \text{HCl}$$
- The active species HOCl and ClO⁻ kill bacteria 细菌, making the water safe to drink.
Chlorine displaces bromine: the solution turns orange
水净化
- 一点点氯被加到水中:
$$\text{Cl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{HOCl} + \text{HCl}$$
- 活性物种 HOCl 和 ClO⁻ 杀死细菌,使水可以安全饮用。
Chlorine makes water safe to drink because: · 氯使水可以安全饮用,因为:
Cl₂ + H₂O ⇌ HOCl + HCl; the HOCl and ClO⁻ kill bacteria. · Cl₂ + H₂O ⇌ HOCl + HCl;HOCl 和 ClO⁻ 杀死细菌。
Chlorine in water treatment
- Chlorine reacts with water to form chloric(I) acid, which kills microbes.
- The benefit (safe drinking water) is judged to outweigh the risks of using a toxic gas.
水处理中的氯
- 氯与水反应形成氯酸(I),它杀死微生物。
- 好处(安全的饮用水)被判断为超过使用一种有毒气体的风险。
You've got it
- chlorine + cold dilute NaOH → NaCl + NaClO (chlorate I); + hot conc NaOH → NaCl + NaClO₃ (chlorate V)
- both are disproportionation (Cl goes up and down from 0)
- chlorine purifies water: $\text{Cl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{HOCl} + \text{HCl}$; HOCl kills bacteria
你掌握了
- 氯 + 冷稀 NaOH → NaCl + NaClO(氯酸盐 I);+ 热浓 NaOH → NaCl + NaClO₃(氯酸盐 V)
- 两者都是歧化(Cl 从 0 既上升又下降)
- 氯净化水:$\text{Cl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{HOCl} + \text{HCl}$;HOCl 杀死细菌