New groups and naming aromatics · 新官能团和芳香化合物命名
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| amide/əˈmaɪd/ | 酰胺 | xiān àn |
| aromatic/ərəʊˈmætɪk/ | 芳香 | fāng xiāng |
| benzene ring/ˈbenziːn rɪŋ/ | 苯环 | běn huán |
| phenol/ˈfenɒl/ | 苯酚 | běn fēn |
| aliphatic/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/ | 脂肪族 | zhī fáng zú |
A whole new ring of chemistry
- At A Level you meet more functional groups, including the amide 酰胺 and aromatic 芳香 compounds.
- Aromatic compounds are built on a benzene ring 苯环.
- They are named using the ring as the parent.
一整个新的化学环
- 在 A Level 你遇到更多官能团,包括酰胺(amide)和芳香(aromatic)化合物。
- 芳香化合物建立在一个苯环(benzene ring)上。
- 它们用环作为母体来命名。
Aromatic naming lab · 芳香命名实验室
Classify aromatic substituents by how they are named. · 按命名方式分类芳香取代基。
Which new functional group is introduced at A Level? · 哪个新官能团在 A Level 引入?
A Level adds groups such as the amide, plus aromatic chemistry. · A Level 增加像酰胺这样的基团,加上芳香化学。
A compound containing a benzene ring is described as ______. · 一个含有苯环的化合物被描述为 ______。
Aliphatic compounds have no benzene ring. · 脂肪族化合物没有苯环。
Benzene has the molecular formula C₆H₆. · 苯有分子式 C₆H₆。
Six carbons in a ring, each with one hydrogen. · 一个环里六个碳,每个有一个氢。
Aromatic compounds
- Benzene is a ring of six carbons; aromatic compounds are built on it.
- As always, the functional group decides the properties, read from the formula.
Evidence that benzene is stabilised by delocalisation: it releases far less on hydrogenation (-208 kJ/mol) than the Kekule model predicts (-360 = 3x cyclohexene), so it is about 152 kJ/mol more stable than expected
芳香化合物
- 苯是一个六碳的环;芳香化合物建立在它上面。
- 一如既往,官能团决定性质,从化学式读出。
苯被离域稳定的证据:它在氢化时释放的能量(-208 kJ/mol)远少于凯库勒模型预测的(-360 = 3× 环己烯),所以它比预期稳定约 152 kJ/mol
Aromatic compounds are built on a: · 芳香化合物建立在一个:
Aromatic compounds contain a benzene ring; new families also include the amide group. · 芳香化合物含有一个苯环;新家族也包括酰胺基。
Naming
- Use the benzene ring as the parent and number the substituent positions.
- e.g. 3-nitrobenzoic acid (a $\text{–NO}_2$ on carbon 3), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (three Br on a phenol 苯酚 ring).
Name aromatics from the benzene ring, numbering the substituent positions from the main group at carbon 1
命名
- 用苯环作为母体并给取代基位置编号。
- 例如 3-硝基苯甲酸(碳 3 上一个 $\text{–NO}_2$),2,4,6-三溴苯酚(一个苯酚环上三个 Br)。
以苯环命名芳香化合物,从碳 1 上的主基团给取代基位置编号
When naming an aromatic compound, you: · 当命名一个芳香化合物时,你:
e.g. 3-nitrobenzoic acid puts a –NO₂ on carbon 3 of the ring. · 例如 3-硝基苯甲酸在环的碳 3 上放一个 –NO₂。
Aliphatic 脂肪族 vs aromatic
- Aromatic compounds contain a benzene ring; aliphatic ones do not.
- Aromatic naming uses 'phenyl' and 'benzene' as the parent.
脂肪族 vs 芳香族
- 芳香化合物含有一个苯环;脂肪族的不含。
- 芳香命名用 "phenyl(苯基)" 和 "benzene(苯)" 作为母体。
You've got it
- new groups at A Level include the amide and aromatic (benzene-based) compounds
- aromatic compounds are named with the benzene ring as the parent, numbering the substituents
- the functional group still decides the properties
你掌握了
- A Level 的新官能团包括酰胺和芳香(基于苯的)化合物
- 芳香化合物以苯环作为母体命名,给取代基编号
- 官能团仍然决定性质