Solubility product · 溶度积
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| solubility product/ˌsɒljuːˈbɪlɪti ˈprɒdʌkt/ | 溶度积 | róng dù jī |
| saturated/ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd/ | 饱和 | bǎo hé |
| solubility/ˌsɒljuːˈbɪlɪti/ | 溶解度 | róng jiě dù |
| common ion effect/ˈkɒmən ˈaɪɒn ɪˈfekt/ | 同离子效应 | tóng lí zi xiào yìng |
How much will dissolve?
- For a salt that barely dissolves, the solubility product 溶度积 $K_{\text{sp}}$ describes its saturated 饱和 solution.
- It links solubility 溶解度 to the ion concentrations.
- A common ion makes the salt less soluble.
会溶解多少?
- 对一个几乎不溶的盐,溶度积(solubility product)$K_{\text{sp}}$ 描述它的饱和溶液。
- 它把溶解度与离子浓度联系起来。
- 一个同离子使盐不那么可溶。
Solubility product lab · 溶度积实验室
ionic product compared with Ksp · 离子积与 Ksp 比较
Increase ion concentration and see when precipitation becomes likely. · 增加离子浓度,看沉淀何时变得可能。
The equilibrium constant for a sparingly soluble salt dissolving is the solubility . · 一个微溶盐溶解的平衡常数是溶。
Written Ksp. · 写作 Ksp。
The solubility product
- $K_{\text{sp}}$ is the product of the ion concentrations, each raised to the power of its number in the formula:
$$K_{\text{sp}} = [\text{Ag}^+][\text{Cl}^-] \qquad K_{\text{sp}} = [\text{Ca}^{2+}][\text{F}^-]^2$$
- You can find $K_{\text{sp}}$ from the solubility, or the solubility from $K_{\text{sp}}$.
Stalactites form as dissolved minerals come back out of solution — there is a limit to how much will dissolve
溶度积
- $K_{\text{sp}}$ 是离子浓度的乘积,每个提升到它在化学式中数目的幂:
$$K_{\text{sp}} = [\text{Ag}^+][\text{Cl}^-] \qquad K_{\text{sp}} = [\text{Ca}^{2+}][\text{F}^-]^2$$
- 你能从溶解度找到 $K_{\text{sp}}$,或从 $K_{\text{sp}}$ 找到溶解度。
钟乳石在溶解的矿物质从溶液中重新析出时形成——能溶解多少是有极限的
The solubility product Ksp is: · 溶度积 Ksp 是:
For a saturated solution, Ksp multiplies the ion concentrations (each to the power of its formula coefficient). · 对一个饱和溶液,Ksp 把离子浓度相乘(每个到它化学式系数的幂)。
For CaF₂, the solubility product is: · 对 CaF₂,溶度积是:
There are two F⁻ per formula unit, so the [F⁻] term is squared. · 每个化学式单元有两个 F⁻,所以 [F⁻] 项被平方。
Match each solubility-product idea. · 匹配每个溶度积概念。
Each item links the term to its correct meaning. · 每一项把术语链接到它正确的含义。
The common ion effect 同离子效应
- A salt is less soluble in a solution that already contains one of its ions.
- The extra ion pushes the dissolving equilibrium back (Le Chatelier), so less salt dissolves.
- You can calculate the new solubility using $K_{\text{sp}}$ and the common ion's concentration.
同离子效应
- 一个盐在一个已经含有它一个离子的溶液中不那么可溶。
- 额外的离子把溶解平衡推回去(勒夏特列),所以更少的盐溶解。
- 你能用 $K_{\text{sp}}$ 和同离子的浓度计算新的溶解度。
The common ion effect means a salt becomes: · 同离子效应意味着一个盐变得:
The extra (common) ion pushes the dissolving equilibrium back, so less salt dissolves. · 额外的(同)离子把溶解平衡推回去,所以更少的盐溶解。
The common ion effect is explained by: · 同离子效应由以下哪种解释:
Adding a common ion shifts the dissolving equilibrium towards the solid, reducing solubility. · 加入一个同离子使溶解平衡向固体移动,减少溶解度。
The common-ion effect
- Adding an ion already in the equilibrium lowers the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt.
- Ksp must still be satisfied, so less salt dissolves.
同离子效应
- 加入一个已经在平衡中的离子降低一个微溶盐的溶解度。
- Ksp 仍必须被满足,所以更少的盐溶解。
You've got it
- $K_{\text{sp}}$ = product of ion concentrations, each to the power of its formula number (e.g. $K_{\text{sp}} = [\text{Ca}^{2+}][\text{F}^-]^2$)
- find $K_{\text{sp}}$ from solubility, or solubility from $K_{\text{sp}}$
- the common ion effect: a salt is less soluble when a common ion is present (Le Chatelier)
你掌握了
- $K_{\text{sp}}$ = 离子浓度的乘积,每个到它化学式数目的幂(例如 $K_{\text{sp}} = [\text{Ca}^{2+}][\text{F}^-]^2$)
- 从溶解度找 $K_{\text{sp}}$,或从 $K_{\text{sp}}$ 找溶解度
- 同离子效应:当一个同离子存在时一个盐不那么可溶(勒夏特列)