Halogens and hydrogen halides · 卤素和卤化氢
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| oxidising agent/ˈɒksɪdaɪzɪŋ ˈeɪdʒənt/ | 氧化剂 | yǎng huà jì |
| hydrogen halide/ˈhaɪdrədʒn ˈhælaɪd/ | 卤化氢 | lǔ huà qīng |
| displace/dɪˈspleɪs/ | 置换 | zhì huàn |
| vigorous/ˈvɪɡərəs/ | 剧烈 | jù liè |
| thermal stability/ˈθɜːml stəˈbɪlɪti/ | 热稳定性 | rè wěn dìng xìng |
Reactive non-metals
- Each halogen gains an electron to form a $1-$ ion — so it is an oxidising agent 氧化剂.
- Its oxidising power decreases down the group.
- The hydrogen halides 卤化氢 get less stable down the group.
活泼的非金属
- 每个卤素得到一个电子形成一个 $1-$ 离子——所以它是一个氧化剂(oxidising agent)。
- 它的氧化能力沿族向下减小。
- 卤化氢沿族向下变得不那么稳定。
Halogen and hydrogen halide lab · 卤素和卤化氢实验室
Classify halogen chemistry by oxidising and reducing strength. · 按氧化和还原强度对卤素化学分类。
A halogen acts as an oxidising agent because it: · 一个卤素作为一个氧化剂,因为它:
Halogens gain an electron (so they oxidise other species); this power falls down the group. · 卤素得到一个电子(所以它们氧化其他物种);这个能力沿族向下下降。
A more reactive halogen will ______ a less reactive one from solution. · 一个更活泼的卤素将从溶液中______一个不那么活泼的。
e.g. chlorine displaces bromine. · 例如氯置换溴。
Oxidising power and displacement
- A halogen acts as an oxidising agent (it gains one electron). This power falls down the group (larger atoms attract the extra electron less).
- A more reactive halogen displaces 置换 a less reactive one from its salt:
$$\text{Cl}_2 + 2\text{KBr} \rightarrow 2\text{KCl} + \text{Br}_2$$
Halogen oxidising power falls and halide reducing power rises down the group
氧化能力和置换
- 一个卤素作为一个氧化剂(它得到一个电子)。这个能力沿族向下下降(更大的原子对额外电子吸引更少)。
- 一个更活泼的卤素从它的盐中置换(displaces)一个不那么活泼的:
$$\text{Cl}_2 + 2\text{KBr} \rightarrow 2\text{KCl} + \text{Br}_2$$
卤素氧化能力下降,卤离子还原能力沿族向下上升
Chlorine displaces bromine from potassium bromide because chlorine is: · 氯从溴化钾中置换溴,因为氯是:
A more reactive halogen pushes out a less reactive one: Cl₂ + 2KBr → 2KCl + Br₂. · 一个更活泼的卤素挤出一个不那么活泼的:Cl₂ + 2KBr → 2KCl + Br₂。
Match each halogen-reaction fact. · 匹配每个卤素反应事实。
Each item links the term to its correct meaning. · 每一项把术语链接到它正确的含义。
Reactions with hydrogen
- Each halogen forms a hydrogen halide: $\text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{HCl}$.
- The reaction gets less vigorous 剧烈 down the group (chlorine explosive in light; iodine slow and partial).
The silver halide test: AgCl is white, AgBr cream and AgI yellow
与氢的反应
- 每个卤素形成一个卤化氢(hydrogen halide):$\text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{HCl}$。
- 反应沿族向下变得不那么剧烈(氯在光中爆炸;碘缓慢且部分)。
银卤化物检验:AgCl 是白色,AgBr 是奶油色,AgI 是黄色
The reaction of the halogens with hydrogen: · 卤素与氢的反应:
Chlorine reacts explosively in light, bromine needs heat, and iodine reacts slowly and partly. · 氯在光中爆炸地反应,溴需要热,碘缓慢且部分地反应。
Thermal stability 热稳定性 of HX
- The thermal stability of the hydrogen halides decreases down the group.
- The H–X bond gets weaker as the halogen gets larger, so HI breaks apart on gentle heating while HCl is very stable.
HX 的热稳定性
- 卤化氢的热稳定性沿族向下减小。
- H–X 键随着卤素变大而变弱,所以 HI 在温和加热下分开,而 HCl 非常稳定。
The thermal stability of the hydrogen halides: · 卤化氢的热稳定性:
The H–X bond weakens as X gets larger, so HI decomposes easily while HCl is very stable. · H–X 键随着 X 变大而变弱,所以 HI 容易分解,而 HCl 非常稳定。
You've got it
- halogens are oxidising agents (gain 1 electron); power decreases down the group
- a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive one ($\text{Cl}_2 + 2\text{KBr} \rightarrow 2\text{KCl} + \text{Br}_2$)
- reactions with hydrogen get less vigorous down; HX thermal stability decreases down (HI least stable)
你掌握了
- 卤素是氧化剂(得到 1 个电子);能力沿族向下减小
- 一个更活泼的卤素置换一个不那么活泼的($\text{Cl}_2 + 2\text{KBr} \rightarrow 2\text{KCl} + \text{Br}_2$)
- 与氢的反应沿族向下不那么剧烈;HX 热稳定性沿族向下减小(HI 最不稳定)