Periodicity of other elements · 其他元素的周期性
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| reactive metal/rɪˈæktɪv ˈmetl/ | 活泼金属 | huó pō jīn shǔ |
| displace/dɪˈspleɪs/ | 置换 | zhì huàn |
| periodicity/ˌpɪərɪˌɒˈdɪsɪti/ | 周期性 | zhōu qī xìng |
| ionisation energy/ˌaɪənaɪˈzeɪʃn ˈenədʒi/ | 电离能 | diàn lí néng |
Patterns that repeat
- The same patterns work for any group or period.
- Knowing the trends lets you predict and deduce an element's behaviour.
- This is the real power of the Periodic Table — you can reason about elements you've never met.
重复的规律
- 同样的规律对任何族或周期都有效。
- 知道趋势让你能预测和推断一个元素的行为。
- 这是周期表真正的威力——你可以推理你从未见过的元素。
The same periodic patterns apply to any group or period, not just Period 3. · 同样的周期规律适用于任何族或周期,不只是第 3 周期。
Periodicity is general — once you know the trends, they apply across the whole table. · 周期性是普遍的——一旦你知道趋势,它们适用于整个表。
Across a period, elements change from metallic to ______. · 在一个周期内,元素从金属性变到 ______。
Metallic character decreases across a period. · 金属性在一个周期内减小。
Electronegativity generally increases across a period. · 电负性在一个周期内大体上增加。
Greater nuclear charge attracts bonding electrons more strongly. · 更大的核电荷更强地吸引成键电子。
Predict from position
- From an element's position, you can predict its properties.
- A Group 1 element is a reactive metal 活泼金属 that forms a +1 ion.
- A Group 17 element is a reactive non-metal forming a −1 ion.
Period 3 elements show clear trends across the periodic table
从位置预测
- 从一个元素的位置,你可以预测它的性质。
- 一个第 1 族元素是一个形成 +1 离子的活泼金属。
- 一个第 17 族元素是一个形成 −1 离子的活泼非金属。
第 3 周期元素在周期表上显示清晰的趋势
Periodic trends · 周期性趋势
Step across Period 3 to see a property rise or fall, then repeat in the next period — that recurring pattern is periodicity. · 沿第 3 周期一步步看一个性质升或降,然后在下一周期重复——这种反复出现的规律就是周期性。
From its position, what can you predict about a Group 1 element? · 从它的位置,关于一个第 1 族元素你能预测什么?
Group 1 elements are reactive metals with one outer electron, forming +1 ions. · 第 1 族元素是有一个外层电子的活泼金属,形成 +1 离子。
Deduce from properties
- You can also work backwards — from properties to position.
- From an unknown element's physical and chemical clues, deduce its likely group, period and identity.
- Predict: an element in Group 2, Period 4 (calcium) → a reactive metal that forms a Ca²⁺ ion and reacts with water.
- Deduce: an unknown element is a pale-yellow gas that forms a −1 ion and displaces 置换 bromine from KBr → it must be fluorine (Group 17, above chlorine).
从性质推断
- 你也可以反向工作——从性质到位置。
- 从一个未知元素的物理和化学线索,推断它可能的族、周期和身份。
- 预测: 一个在第 2 族、第 4 周期的元素(钙)→ 一个形成 Ca²⁺ 离子并与水反应的活泼金属。
- 推断: 一个未知元素是一个形成 −1 离子并从 KBr 置换溴的淡黄色气体 → 它一定是氟(第 17 族,在氯之上)。
Periodicity also lets you: · 周期性也让你:
Working backwards from physical and chemical properties, you can place an unknown element in the table. · 从物理和化学性质反向工作,你可以把一个未知元素放进表里。
Periodicity 周期性 is a repeating pattern
- Properties such as atomic radius and ionisation energy 电离能 repeat in a pattern each period.
- Atomic radius decreases across a period; first ionisation energy broadly increases.
- This repeating periodicity is what gives the Periodic Table its structure.
周期性是一个重复的规律
- 像原子半径和电离能这样的性质每个周期按一个规律重复。
- 原子半径在一个周期内减小;第一电离能大体上增加。
- 这种重复的周期性给了周期表它的结构。
You've got it
- the same periodic patterns apply to every group and period
- predict properties from position (Group 1 → reactive metal, +1 ion; Group 17 → reactive non-metal, −1 ion)
- deduce an unknown element's position/identity from its properties (e.g. yellow gas, −1 ion, displaces Br → fluorine)
你掌握了
- 同样的周期规律适用于每个族和周期
- 从位置预测性质(第 1 族 → 活泼金属,+1 离子;第 17 族 → 活泼非金属,−1 离子)
- 从一个未知元素的性质推断它的位置/身份(例如黄色气体,−1 离子,置换 Br → 氟)