Carboxylic acids · 羧酸
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| carboxylic acid/ˌkɑːbəkˈsɪlɪk ˈæsɪd/ | 羧酸 | suō suān |
| carboxyl/ˈkɑːbəksɪl/ | 羧基 | suō jī |
| weak acid/wiːk ˈæsɪd/ | 弱酸 | ruò suān |
| hydrolysis/haɪˈdrɒləsɪs/ | 水解 | shuǐ jiě |
| nitrile/ˈnaɪtraɪl/ | 腈 | jīng |
| esterification/ˌestəˌrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | 酯化 | zhǐ huà |
The sour organic acids
- A carboxylic acid 羧酸 has the –COOH (carboxyl 羧基) group.
- It is a weak acid 弱酸.
- It shows all the typical acid reactions.
酸味的有机酸
- 一个羧酸(carboxylic acid)有 –COOH(羧基)(carboxyl)基团。
- 它是一个弱酸。
- 它显示所有典型的酸反应。
Carboxylic acid reaction map · 羧酸反应图
Follow carboxylic acids through neutralisation, esterification and reduction. · 跟踪羧酸经过中和、酯化和还原。
The functional group of a carboxylic acid is: · 一个羧酸的官能团是:
Carboxylic acids contain the –COOH group and behave as weak acids. · 羧酸含有 –COOH 基团,表现为弱酸。
Carboxylic acids are weak acids that react with carbonates to give carbon dioxide. · 羧酸是与碳酸盐反应给出二氧化碳的弱酸。
A test for the –COOH group. · –COOH 基团的一个检验。
Making carboxylic acids
- oxidation of a primary alcohol or an aldehyde (acidified $\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7$, with reflux for full oxidation).
- hydrolysis 水解 of a nitrile 腈 (then acidify).
- hydrolysis of an ester (then acidify).
Carboxylic acids react as acids with metals, alkalis and carbonates
制造羧酸
- 一个伯醇或一个醛的氧化(酸化的 $\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7$,用回流完全氧化)。
- 一个腈(nitrile)的水解(然后酸化)。
- 一个酯(ester)的水解(然后酸化)。
羧酸作为酸与金属、碱和碳酸盐反应
A carboxylic acid is made by oxidising a primary alcohol or aldehyde, using: · 一个羧酸通过氧化一个伯醇或醛制造,使用:
Reflux ensures full oxidation all the way to the carboxylic acid (distillation would stop at the aldehyde). · 回流确保一路完全氧化到羧酸(蒸馏会停在醛)。
Match each carboxylic-acid fact. · 匹配每个羧酸事实。
Each item links the term to its correct meaning. · 每一项把术语链接到它正确的含义。
Acid reactions
- with a reactive metal → salt + hydrogen.
- with an alkali (neutralisation) → salt + water.
- with a carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide (the fizz is a test for a carboxylic acid).
Two reactions change the group: esterification 酯化 with an alcohol → an ester; reduction by $\text{LiAlH}_4$ → a primary alcohol.
Vinegar is a dilute solution of ethanoic acid, a carboxylic acid.
酸反应
- 与一个活泼金属 → 盐 + 氢。
- 与一个碱(中和)→ 盐 + 水。
- 与一个碳酸盐 → 盐 + 水 + 二氧化碳(冒泡是一个羧酸的检验)。
两个反应改变基团:与一个醇的酯化(esterification)→ 一个酯;由 $\text{LiAlH}_4$ 的还原 → 一个伯醇。
醋是乙酸的一个稀溶液,一种羧酸。
A carboxylic acid added to a carbonate gives a salt, water and: · 加到一个碳酸盐的一个羧酸给出一个盐、水和:
Like other acids, it releases CO₂ from a carbonate — the fizz is a useful test. · 像其他酸一样,它从一个碳酸盐释放 CO₂——冒泡是一个有用的检验。
Testing for a carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acids fizz with carbonates, releasing CO₂ — a reliable test for –COOH.
- They are weak acids, only partly ionised in water.
Acid and alkaline hydrolysis of an ester give different products
检验一个羧酸
- 羧酸与碳酸盐冒泡,释放 CO₂——–COOH 的一个可靠检验。
- 它们是弱酸,在水中只部分电离。
一个酯的酸性和碱性水解给出不同的产物
A carboxylic acid reacting with an alcohol (conc. H₂SO₄ catalyst) makes: · 一个羧酸与一个醇(浓 H₂SO₄ 催化剂)反应制造:
Esterification joins the acid and alcohol into an ester (losing water). · 酯化把酸和醇结合成一个酯(失去水)。
You've got it
- carboxylic acid = –COOH, a weak acid
- made by oxidising a primary alcohol/aldehyde (reflux), or hydrolysing a nitrile/ester
- acid reactions: metal (+ H₂), alkali (+ water), carbonate (+ water + CO₂ — the fizz test)
- esterification → ester; reduction → primary alcohol
你掌握了
- 羧酸 = –COOH,一个弱酸
- 由氧化一个伯醇/醛(回流),或水解一个腈/酯制造
- 酸反应:金属(+ H₂)、碱(+ 水)、碳酸盐(+ 水 + CO₂——冒泡检验)
- 酯化 → 酯;还原 → 伯醇