Giant structures · 巨型结构
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| crystalline/ˈkrɪstəlaɪn/ | 晶体 | jīng tǐ |
| simple molecular/ˈsɪmpl məˈlekjʊlə/ | 分子晶体 | fēn zǐ jīng tǐ |
| giant molecular/ˈdʒaɪənt məˈlekjʊlə/ | 原子晶体 | yuán zi jīng tǐ |
| graphite/ˈɡræfaɪt/ | 石墨 | shí mò |
| diamond/ˈdaɪəmənd/ | 金刚石 | jīn gāng shí |
| delocalised/dɪˈlɒkəlaɪzd/ | 离域 | lí yù |
Networks without end
- How a substance behaves depends on how its particles are joined.
- There are four main structures of a crystalline 晶体 solid.
- Each one is built from a different kind of bonding.
没有尽头的网络
- 一种物质如何行为取决于它的粒子如何连接。
- 晶体固体有 四 种主要结构。
- 每一种都由不同种类的键合构成。
Giant structure lab · 巨型结构实验
Compare giant structures by particles and bonding. · 通过微粒和化学键比较巨型结构。
Diamond and graphite are examples of giant ______ structures. · 金刚石和石墨是巨型 ______ 结构的例子。
Networks of covalently bonded atoms. · 共价键合原子的网络。
Ionic and simple molecular 分子晶体
- Giant ionic: a huge lattice of positive and negative ions, held by strong attraction in every direction (e.g. NaCl, MgO).
- Simple molecular: small molecules — strong bonds inside each, but weak forces between them (e.g. iodine $\text{I}_2$, fullerene $\text{C}_{60}$, ice).
The four crystalline structures: giant ionic, simple molecular, giant covalent and giant metallic
离子的和简单分子的
- 巨型离子(giant ionic):一个巨大的正负离子晶格,由各个方向强的吸引保持(例如 NaCl、MgO)。
- 简单分子(simple molecular):小分子——每个内部的键 强,但它们之间的力 弱(例如碘 $\text{I}_2$、富勒烯 $\text{C}_{60}$、冰)。
四种晶体结构:巨型离子、简单分子、巨型共价和巨型金属
A simple molecular solid (like iodine) has: · 简单分子固体（如碘）具有：
Simple molecular substances are small molecules: strong covalent bonds inside, weak intermolecular forces between. · 简单分子物质是小分子：内部有强共价键，分子间有弱分子间作用力。
Giant molecular 原子晶体 and giant metallic
- Giant molecular (giant covalent): a network of atoms joined by strong covalent bonds (e.g. silicon(IV) oxide, graphite 石墨, diamond 金刚石).
- diamond is a rigid 3-D network → very hard; graphite has sliding layers and spare delocalised 离域 electrons → it conducts.
- Giant metallic: metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons (e.g. copper).
Diamond is a rigid 3D covalent network; graphite has sliding layers and conducts
巨型分子和巨型金属
- 巨型分子(giant molecular)(巨型共价):一个由强共价键连接的原子网络(例如氧化硅(IV)、石墨、金刚石)。
- 金刚石是一个刚性三维网络 → 非常 硬;石墨有 滑动的层 和多余的离域电子 → 它 导电。
- 巨型金属(giant metallic):离域电子海中的金属离子(例如铜)。
金刚石是一个刚性三维共价网络;石墨有滑动的层并导电
A giant molecular (giant covalent) structure is: · 巨型分子（巨型共价）结构是：
Diamond, graphite and silicon(IV) oxide are giant covalent networks of atoms. · 金刚石、石墨和二氧化硅(SiO₂)都是原子构成的巨型共价网络。
Graphite conducts electricity but diamond does not, because graphite: · 石墨能导电而金刚石不能，因为石墨：
Graphite has some delocalised electrons that can move; diamond uses all its electrons in fixed bonds. · 石墨拥有一些可以自由移动的离域电子；金刚石的所有电子都用于固定的键合中。
Match each structure to an example. · 将每种结构与示例匹配。
Giant ionic = NaCl; simple molecular = I₂; giant metallic = copper; giant covalent = diamond/graphite. · 巨型离子 = NaCl；简单分子 = I₂；巨型金属 = 铜；巨型共价 = 金刚石/石墨。
Giant vs simple
- Giant structures (covalent, ionic, metallic) have very high melting points.
- Simple molecular substances melt easily — only weak intermolecular forces break.
巨型与简单
- 巨型 结构(共价、离子、金属)有非常高的熔点。
- 简单分子 物质容易熔化——只有弱的分子间作用力断开。
You've got it
- four structures: giant ionic, simple molecular, giant molecular (covalent), giant metallic
- simple molecular = small molecules, weak forces between (I₂, ice)
- giant molecular = covalent network; diamond (hard 3-D) vs graphite (sliding layers, conducts)
- giant metallic = ions in an electron sea
你掌握了
- 四种结构:巨型离子、简单分子、巨型分子(共价)、巨型金属
- 简单分子 = 小分子,之间的力弱(I₂、冰)
- 巨型分子 = 共价网络;金刚石(硬的三维)对 石墨(滑动的层,导电)
- 巨型金属 = 电子海中的离子