Metallic bonding · 金属键合
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| metallic bonding/məˈtælɪk ˈbɒndɪŋ/ | 金属键 | jīn shǔ jiàn |
| delocalised electron/dɪˈlɒkəlaɪzd ɪˈlektrɒn/ | 离域电子 | lí yù diàn zi |
| malleable/ˈmæləbl/ | 可锻 | kě duàn |
| ductile/ˈdʌktaɪl/ | 延展 | yán zhǎn |
A sea of shared electrons
- Metallic bonding 金属键 is the attraction between positive metal ions and a "sea" of delocalised electrons 离域电子.
- The outer electrons are free to move through the whole metal.
- This explains key properties of metals.
共享电子的海
- 金属键合(metallic bonding) 是正金属离子与 离域电子(delocalised electrons) 的“海”之间的吸引。
- 外层电子可以自由地在整块金属中移动。
- 这解释了金属的关键性质。
Metallic bonding is the attraction between: · 金属键合是以下两者之间的吸引:
In a metal, positive ions sit in a sea of delocalised electrons that hold the structure together. · 在一块金属中,正离子坐在离域电子的海里,把结构维系在一起。
Metals conduct electricity because of their ______ (delocalised) electrons. · 金属导电是因为它们的 ______(离域)电子。
A sea of delocalised electrons carries charge. · 离域电子的海携带电荷。
The sea of electrons
- The metal's outer electrons leave their atoms and are delocalised — free to move.
- This explains why metals conduct electricity and are strong.
Metallic bonding: positive ions in a sea of delocalised electrons
电子的海
- 金属的外层电子离开它们的原子,被 离域——可以自由移动。
- 这解释了为什么金属 导电 并且 结实。
金属键合:离域电子海中的正离子
Inside a metal — and why it behaves that way · 金属内部——以及它为什么这样表现
Step through it. Positive ions sit in a shared sea of delocalised electrons. That one picture explains conduction, malleability, and strength. · 一步步走过去。正离子坐在共享的离域电子海里。这一幅图就解释了导电、可锻性和强度。
Metals conduct electricity because: · 金属导电是因为:
The delocalised electrons can move through the metal, carrying charge. · 离域电子可以穿过金属移动,携带电荷。
Match each property of a metal to the reason for it. · 把金属的每个性质与它的原因配对。
Every metallic property traces back to one picture: positive ions in a mobile sea of electrons. · 每个金属性质都追溯到同一幅图:正离子在可流动的电子海中。
Why metals conduct and bend
- Delocalised electrons carry charge and heat through the metal.
- Layers of cations slide over one another, so metals are malleable 可锻 and ductile 延展.
为什么金属导电和弯曲
- 离域电子 携带电荷和热穿过金属。
- 一层层的阳离子彼此 滑动,所以金属有延展性和可锻性。
Metallic bonding helps explain why metals are strong. · 金属键合有助于解释为什么金属结实。
The strong attraction between the positive ions and the electron sea makes metals strong. · 正离子和电子海之间强的吸引使金属结实。
What changes the strength
- More delocalised electrons and smaller, more highly charged ions give stronger metallic bonding.
- This raises the melting point — compare sodium with magnesium and aluminium.
什么改变强度
- 更多的 离域电子 和 更小、电荷更高 的离子给出更强的金属键合。
- 这升高熔点——把钠与镁和铝比较。
Stronger metallic bonding (more delocalised electrons, smaller ions) raises the melting point. · 更强的金属键合(更多离域电子、更小的离子)提高熔点。
More charge in the electron sea and smaller ions mean stronger attraction, so more energy is needed to melt it. · 电子海中更多的电荷加上更小的离子意味着更强的吸引,所以需要更多能量才能熔化它。
You've got it
- metallic bonding = attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons
- the delocalised electrons are free to move → metals conduct electricity and are strong
你掌握了
- 金属键合 = 正金属离子 与 离域电子 海之间的吸引
- 离域电子 可以自由移动 → 金属 导电 并且 结实