Alcohols with acyl chlorides · 醇与酰氯
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| ester/ˈestə/ | 酯 | zhǐ |
| acyl chloride/əˈkɪl ˈklɔːraɪd/ | 酰氯 | xiān lǜ |
| esterification/ˌestəˌrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | 酯化 | zhǐ huà |
| by-product/baɪ ˈprɒdʌkt/ | 副产物 | fù chǎn wù |
A faster way to esters 酯
- At A Level, an alcohol gains one more reaction.
- It reacts with an acyl chloride 酰氯 to make an ester.
- This works faster and more completely than using a carboxylic acid.
一个更快制酯的方法
- 在 A Level,一个醇获得多一个反应。
- 它与一个酰氯反应制造一个酯。
- 这比用一个羧酸更快、更完全。
Acyl chloride with alcohol route · 酰氯与醇途径
Follow nucleophilic acyl substitution to an ester. · 跟随亲核酰基取代到一个酯。
An alcohol reacting with an acyl chloride gives: · 一个醇与一个酰氯反应给出:
The alcohol's –OH reacts with the acyl chloride to form an ester, releasing HCl. · 醇的 –OH 与酰氯反应形成一个酯,释放 HCl。
An acyl chloride reacts with an alcohol to form an ______. · 一个酰氯与一个醇反应形成一个 ______。
Releasing hydrogen chloride gas. · 释放氯化氢气体。
Acyl chlorides are more reactive than carboxylic acids. · 酰氯比羧酸更活泼。
The chlorine is a good leaving group. · 氯是一个好的离去基团。
The reaction
- An alcohol + an acyl chloride → an ester (plus fumes of $\text{HCl}$).
- It is faster and more complete than esterification 酯化 with a carboxylic acid.
- E.g. ethanol + ethanoyl chloride → ethyl ethanoate + HCl.
An acyl chloride reacts with an alcohol to form an ester
反应
- 一个醇 + 一个酰氯 → 一个酯(加上 $\text{HCl}$ 的烟雾)。
- 它比与一个羧酸的酯化更快、更完全。
- 例如乙醇 + 乙酰氯 → 乙酸乙酯 + HCl。
酰氯与醇反应生成酯
Compared with using a carboxylic acid, making an ester from an acyl chloride is: · 与用一个羧酸相比,从一个酰氯制造一个酯是:
Acyl chlorides are very reactive, so esterification with them is fast and goes essentially to completion. · 酰氯非常活泼,所以用它们的酯化很快,基本上进行到完全。
Ethanol + ethanoyl chloride gives: · 乙醇 + 乙酰氯给出:
The ester ethyl ethanoate forms, along with HCl fumes. · 酯乙酸乙酯形成,连同 HCl 烟雾。
A cleaner esterification
- Acyl chlorides react rapidly with alcohols to give esters, with no catalyst needed.
- The only by-product 副产物 is hydrogen chloride gas.
一个更干净的酯化
- 酰氯与醇迅速反应给出酯,不需要催化剂。
- 唯一的副产物是氯化氢气体。
Handle with care
- Acyl chlorides react violently with water and fume in moist air.
- They are far more reactive than the corresponding carboxylic acids.
小心处理
- 酰氯与水剧烈反应并在潮湿空气中冒烟。
- 它们远比相应的羧酸活泼。
You've got it
- an alcohol + acyl chloride → ester (+ HCl)
- this is faster and more complete than using a carboxylic acid
- e.g. ethanol + ethanoyl chloride → ethyl ethanoate
你掌握了
- 一个醇 + 酰氯 → 酯(+ HCl)
- 这比用一个羧酸更快、更完全
- 例如乙醇 + 乙酰氯 → 乙酸乙酯