A-Level Computer Science · ⁨A-Level 计算机科学⁩

1.1.1 Number systems and conversions · ⁨数制与转换⁩ 1.1.2 Binary arithmetic and signed integers · ⁨二进制算术与有符号整数⁩ 1.1.3 Character codes — ASCII and Unicode · ⁨字符编码——ASCII 和 Unicode⁩ 1.2.1 Bitmap and vector graphics · ⁨位图与矢量图形⁩ 1.2.2 Sound — sampling and file size · ⁨声音——采样与文件大小⁩ 1.3 Compression · ⁨压缩⁩

2.1.1 Networks and their types · ⁨网络及其类型⁩ 2.1.2 Network topologies and hardware · ⁨网络拓扑与硬件⁩ 2.1.3 The internet, the web and IP addressing · ⁨互联网、万维网和IP寻址⁩ 2.1.4 URLs, DNS and bit streaming · ⁨URL、DNS 与比特流⁩

3.1.1 Computer components and embedded systems · ⁨计算机组件与嵌入式系统⁩ 3.1.2 Storage and peripheral devices · ⁨存储与外围设备⁩ 3.1.3 RAM, ROM and memory types · ⁨RAM、ROM 及内存类型⁩ 3.1.4 Monitoring and control systems · ⁨监控与控制系统⁩ 3.2.1 Logic gates · ⁨逻辑门⁩ 3.2.2 Logic circuits · ⁨逻辑电路⁩

4.1.1 Von Neumann architecture and the CPU · ⁨冯·诺依曼体系结构与 CPU⁩ 4.1.2 Performance, the fetch-execute cycle and interrupts · ⁨性能、取指-执行周期与中断⁩ 4.2 Assembly Language · ⁨汇编语言⁩ 4.3 Bit manipulation · ⁨位操作⁩

5.1.1 Operating systems and utility software · ⁨操作系统与实用软件⁩ 5.1.2 Program libraries · ⁨程序库⁩ 5.2 Language Translators · ⁨语言翻译程序⁩

6.1.1 Security threats · ⁨安全威胁⁩ 6.1.2 Security measures and protecting data · ⁨安全措施与保护数据⁩ 6.2 Data Integrity · ⁨数据完整性⁩

7.1.1 Ethics for computing professionals · ⁨计算专业人员的伦理⁩ 7.1.2 Copyright and software licences · ⁨版权与软件许可⁩ 7.1.3 Artificial intelligence · ⁨人工智能⁩

8.1.1 Why databases and the relational model · ⁨为什么用数据库与关系模型⁩ 8.1.2 E-R diagrams and normalisation · ⁨E-R 图和规范化⁩ 8.2 Database Management Systems (DBMS) · ⁨数据库管理系统（DBMS）⁩ 8.3 Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML) · ⁨数据定义语言（DDL）与数据操纵语言（DML）⁩

9.1 Computational Thinking Skills · ⁨计算思维技能⁩ 9.2.1 Algorithms and pseudocode · ⁨算法与伪代码⁩ 9.2.2 Notations, stepwise refinement and logic · ⁨记法、逐步求精与逻辑⁩

10.1 Data Types and Records · ⁨数据类型与记录⁩ 10.2 Arrays · ⁨数组⁩ 10.3 Files · ⁨文件⁩ 10.4.1 Abstract Data Types — stack, queue, linked list · ⁨抽象数据类型——栈、队列、链表⁩ 10.4.2 Implementing ADTs using arrays · ⁨用数组实现 ADT⁩

11.1 Programming Basics · ⁨编程基础⁩ 11.2 Constructs · ⁨程序结构⁩ 11.3 Structured Programming · ⁨结构化编程⁩

12.1 Program Development Life cycle · ⁨程序开发生命周期⁩ 12.2 Program Design · ⁨程序设计⁩ 12.3 Program Testing and Maintenance · ⁨程序测试与维护⁩

13.1 User-defined data types · ⁨用户自定义数据类型⁩ 13.2.1 File organisation and access · ⁨文件组织与访问⁩ 13.2.2 Hashing · ⁨哈希⁩ 13.3 Floating-point numbers, representation and manipulation · ⁨浮点数的表示与运算⁩

14.1.1 Protocols and the TCP/IP model · ⁨协议与 TCP/IP 模型⁩ 14.1.2 Application-layer protocols · ⁨应用层协议⁩ 14.2 Circuit switching, packet switching · ⁨电路交换与分组交换⁩

15.1.1 RISC, CISC and pipelining · ⁨RISC、CISC 与流水线⁩ 15.1.2 Parallel processing and virtual machines · ⁨并行处理和虚拟机⁩ 15.2.1 Boolean algebra and Karnaugh maps · ⁨布尔代数与卡诺图⁩ 15.2.2 Adders and flip-flops · ⁨加法器与触发器⁩

16.1.1 OS resource management and processes · ⁨操作系统资源管理与进程⁩ 16.1.2 Virtual memory, paging and segmentation · ⁨虚拟内存、分页与分段⁩ 16.2.1 Compilation and interpretation · ⁨编译与解释⁩ 16.2.2 Grammar (BNF) and Reverse Polish Notation · ⁨语法(BNF)与逆波兰记法⁩

17.1.1 Encryption and hashing · ⁨加密与哈希⁩ 17.1.2 TLS, certificates and digital signatures · ⁨TLS、证书与数字签名⁩ 17.1.3 Quantum key distribution

18.1.1 AI, graphs and neural networks · ⁨AI、图与神经网络⁩ 18.1.2 Machine learning types and training · ⁨机器学习类型与训练⁩ 18.1.3 Regression and AI in practice · ⁨回归与实践中的 AI⁩

19.1.1 Searching algorithms · ⁨搜索算法⁩ 19.1.2 Sorting algorithms · ⁨排序算法⁩ 19.1.3 Comparing algorithms and ADTs in algorithms · ⁨比较算法与算法中的 ADT⁩ 19.2 Recursion · ⁨递归⁩

20.1.1 Programming paradigms · ⁨编程范式⁩ 20.1.2 Object-oriented programming · ⁨面向对象编程⁩ 20.1.3 Declarative programming: facts, rules and goals 20.2.1 File processing · ⁨文件处理⁩ 20.2.2 Exception handling · ⁨异常处理⁩