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AQA · GCSE · Mathematics หัวข้อ 2 5:20 การบรรยายภาษาอังกฤษ · คำบรรยายภาษาอังกฤษ + 中文 ลอยตัวบนภาพ
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The formulae sheet gives only the quadratic formula. Carry the rest: completing the square shows the turning point; gradient is change in y over change in x, and perpendicular gradients multiply to minus 1; iteration uses suffix notation; and a quadratic sequence's n squared coefficient is half the second difference.
公式表只给出求根公式,其余都要自己记:配方显示顶点;斜率是 y 的变化除以 x 的变化,互相垂直的斜率之积为 −1;迭代用下标记号;二次数列 n² 的系数是二阶差的一半。
Draw x plus 2, squared, as a square.
把 (x + 2)² 画成一个正方形。
Its parts are x squared, two lots of 2x, and 4.
它由 x²、两块 2x 和 4 组成。
So x plus 2, squared, is identically x squared plus 4x plus 4, true for every value of x.
所以 (x + 2)² 恒等于 x² + 4x + 4,对每个 x 都成立。
That is a proof; trying a few numbers never is.
这才是证明;代几个数从来不是证明。
Expand the surd brackets term by term: 3, minus 6 root 2, plus root 2, minus 4, which is minus 1 minus 5 root 2.
逐项展开根式括号:3 − 6√2 + √2 − 4,即 −1 − 5√2。
Factorise 6x squared minus 7x minus 3 as 3x plus 1 times 2x minus 3, and check by expanding back.
把 6x² − 7x − 3 分解为 (3x + 1)(2x − 3),再展开检验。
And rearrange v equals u plus a t: t is v minus u over a.
把 v = u + at 变形:t = (v − u)/a。
Feed in 2.
输入 2。
In fg, g acts first: g squares it, giving 4.
在 fg 中 g 先作用:g 把它平方,得 4。
Then f gives 3 times 4 minus 5, which is 7.
然后 f 给出 3 × 4 − 5 = 7。
For the inverse, run f backwards: add 5, then divide by 3.
求反函数,就把 f 倒过来运行:先加 5,再除以 3。
Check that f inverse of f of x gives x back.
检验 f⁻¹(f(x)) 回到 x。
Completing the square reads the turning point.
配方可以读出转折点。
x squared minus 6 x plus 5 is x minus 3, squared, minus 4, so the minimum point is 3, minus 4 and the line of symmetry is x equals 3.
x 的平方减 6x 加 5 等于 (x 减 3) 的平方减 4,所以最小值点是 (3, 负 4),对称轴是 x 等于 3。
For straight lines, gradient is change in y over change in x: through 1, 7 and 2, 9 the gradient is 2, so the line is y equals 2 x plus 5.
对于直线,斜率是 y 的 变化除以 x 的变化:经过 (1, 7) 和 (2, 9) 的直线斜率是 2,所以直线是 y 等于 2x 加 5。
A perpendicular line has gradient minus one half, because perpendicular gradients multiply to minus 1.
垂直的直线斜率是负二分之一,因为互相垂直的斜率相乘 等于负 1。
The circle x squared plus y squared equals 25 has centre the origin and radius 5.
圆 x² + y² = 25 的圆心是原点,半径 5。
The radius to 3, 4 has gradient 4 over 3.
到 (3, 4) 的半径斜率是 4/3。
The tangent is perpendicular to the radius, so its gradient is minus 3 over 4.
切线垂直于半径,所以斜率是 −3/4。
Through 3, 4 that gives y equals minus three quarters x plus 6.25.
过 (3, 4) 得 y = −¾x + 6.25。
Higher only.
仅限高级卷。
3x plus 2y is 16 and 5x minus 2y is 8.
3x + 2y = 16,5x − 2y = 8。
The y terms have opposite signs, so add the equations: 8x is 24, and x is 3.
y 项符号相反,所以两式相加:8x = 24,x = 3。
Substitute back: 9 plus 2y is 16, so y is 3.5.
代回:9 + 2y = 16,y = 3.5。
Check in the other equation: 15 minus 7 is 8.
代入另一式检验:15 − 7 = 8。
Where does the line y equals 2x plus 5 meet the parabola y equals x squared?
直线 y = 2x + 5 与抛物线 y = x² 在哪里相交?
Substitute: x squared minus 2x minus 5 is 0, so x is 1 plus or minus root 6.
代入:x² − 2x − 5 = 0,所以 x = 1 ± √6。
The picture shows both intersections, at about minus 1.45 and 3.45, so keep both.
图中两个交点都在,约 −1.45 和 3.45,所以两个都要保留。
Factorise x squared minus x minus 6 as x minus 3 times x plus 2, with roots minus 2 and 3.
把 x² − x − 6 分解为 (x − 3)(x + 2),根是 −2 和 3。
Greater than 0 means the parabola is above the axis: outside the roots.
大于 0 表示抛物线在 x 轴上方:在两根之外。
So x is less than minus 2 or greater than 3, written in set notation as a union of two sets.
所以 x < −2 或 x > 3,用集合记号写成两个集合的并集。
Iterate, state the accuracy, and verify in the original equation.
迭代、说明精确度,并代回原方程检验。
To solve x cubed minus 3 x minus 1 equals zero, rearrange it to x n plus 1 equals the cube root of 3 x n plus 1, and start from x 1 equals 1.
要解 x 的三次方减 3x 减 1 等于零,把它改写成 x n 加 1 等于 3 乘 x n 加 1 的立方根,从 x1 等于 1 开始。
The values run 1.587, then 1.793, then 1.855, then 1.872, closing in on 1.879 to 3 decimal places.
得到的值依次是 1.587、1.793、1.855、1.872,逐渐逼近 1.879(保留三位小数)。
Check that answer back in the original cubic, not in the rearrangement.
要把答案代回原来的三次方程检验,而不是代回改写后的式子。
For a quadratic sequence, half the second difference gives the coefficient of n squared.
对二次数列,二阶差的一半就是 n 平方的系数。
For 5, 9, 17, 29, 45, the differences are 4, 8, 12, 16 and the second difference is 4, so the sequence starts 2 n squared.
对 5、9、17、29、45,一阶差是 4、8、12、16,二阶差是 4,所以数列以 2n 的平方开头。
Subtracting 2 n squared leaves a linear residual that fits minus 2 n plus 5.
减去 2n 的平方后剩下一个一次的余项,正好是负 2n 加 5。
The nth term is 2 n squared minus 2 n plus 5.
第 n 项是 2n 的平方减 2n 加 5。
Check two positions: n equals 4 gives 32 minus 8 plus 5, which is 29.
检验两个位置:n 等于 4 时是 32 减 8 加 5,等于 29。
Check yourself.
自我检测。
x plus 2, squared, is x squared plus 4x plus 4.
(x + 2)² = x² + 4x + 4。
7x minus 22 equals 4x plus 29 gives x equals 17.
7x − 22 = 4x + 29 得 x = 17。
Perpendicular to a gradient of 2 is minus a half.
与斜率 2 垂直的斜率是 −½。
The inverse of 3x minus 5 is x plus 5 over 3.
3x − 5 的反函数是 (x + 5)/3。
And 5, 9, 17, 29 has nth term 2n squared minus 2n plus 5.
5、9、17、29 的通项是 2n² − 2n + 5。