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- Course & Exam Description 2-up
- Revision Sheet 2-up
- Syllabus Checklist 2-up
- Scheme of Work
- Exam Technique 2-up
- Command Words — A3 poster
- Lesson Plans — one page per topic 2-up
- Class Mark Book
1. Chemistry of Life 22 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
2. Cell Structure and Function 32 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
- 2.1 Cell Structure and Function
- 2.2 Cell Size
- 2.3 Plasma Membrane Past-paper walk-through
- 2.4 Membrane Permeability Past-paper walk-through
- 2.5 Membrane Transport
- 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion Past-paper walk-through
- 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation Past-paper walk-through
- 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport Past-paper walk-through
- 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization Past-paper walk-through
- 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization Past-paper walk-through
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
- 2.1 Cell Structure and Function 2-up
- 2.2 Cell Size 2-up
- 2.3 Plasma Membrane 2-up
- 2.4 Membrane Permeability 2-up
- 2.5 Membrane Transport 2-up
- 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion 2-up
- 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation 2-up
- 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport 2-up
- 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization 2-up
- 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization 2-up
Past Paper Questions
- 2.3 Plasma Membrane 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.4 Membrane Permeability 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization 2-upAnswers2-up
Unit Tests
3. Cellular Energetics 20 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
4. Cell Communication and Cell Cycle 23 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
5. Heredity 20 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
6. Gene Expression and Regulation 28 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
- 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure Past-paper walk-through
- 6.2 DNA Replication
- 6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing Past-paper walk-through
- 6.4 Translation Past-paper walk-through
- 6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression Past-paper walk-through
- 6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization Past-paper walk-through
- 6.7 Mutations Past-paper walk-through
- 6.8 Biotechnology Past-paper walk-through
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
- 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.4 Translation 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.7 Mutations 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.8 Biotechnology 2-upAnswers2-up
Unit Tests
7. Natural Selection 39 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
- 7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection Past-paper walk-through
- 7.2 Natural Selection Past-paper walk-through
- 7.3 Artificial Selection Past-paper walk-through
- 7.4 Population Genetics Past-paper walk-through
- 7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- 7.6 Evidence of Evolution Past-paper walk-through
- 7.7 Common Ancestry Past-paper walk-through
- 7.8 Continuing Evolution
- 7.9 Phylogeny Past-paper walk-through
- 7.10 Speciation Past-paper walk-through
- 7.11 Variations in Populations Past-paper walk-through
- 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth Past-paper walk-through
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
- 7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection 2-up
- 7.2 Natural Selection 2-up
- 7.3 Artificial Selection 2-up
- 7.4 Population Genetics 2-up
- 7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 2-up
- 7.6 Evidence of Evolution 2-up
- 7.7 Common Ancestry 2-up
- 7.8 Continuing Evolution 2-up
- 7.9 Phylogeny 2-up
- 7.10 Speciation 2-up
- 7.11 Variations in Populations 2-up
- 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth 2-up
Past Paper Questions
- 7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.2 Natural Selection 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.3 Artificial Selection 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.4 Population Genetics 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.6 Evidence of Evolution 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.7 Common Ancestry 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.9 Phylogeny 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.10 Speciation 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.11 Variations in Populations 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth 2-upAnswers2-up
Unit Tests
8. Ecology 26 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
- 8.1 Responses to the Environment Past-paper walk-through
- 8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems Past-paper walk-through
- 8.3 Population Ecology Past-paper walk-through
- 8.4 Effect of Density on Populations Past-paper walk-through
- 8.5 Community Ecology Past-paper walk-through
- 8.6 Biodiversity Past-paper walk-through
- 8.7 Disruptions in Ecosystems Past-paper walk-through
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
- 8.1 Responses to the Environment 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.3 Population Ecology 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.4 Effect of Density on Populations 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.5 Community Ecology 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.6 Biodiversity 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.7 Disruptions in Ecosystems 2-upAnswers2-up
Unit Tests
2026 1 files
- 2026 Questions
- AP Biology — Question index 2-up
- 1.4 Carbohydrates 2-upAnswers2-up
- 1.6 Nucleic Acids 2-upAnswers2-up
- 1.7 Proteins 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.3 Plasma Membrane 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.4 Membrane Permeability 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization 2-upAnswers2-up
- 3.1 Enzymes 2-upAnswers2-up
- 3.2 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function 2-upAnswers2-up
- 3.3 Cellular Energy 2-upAnswers2-up
- 3.4 Photosynthesis 2-upAnswers2-up
- 3.5 Cellular Respiration 2-upAnswers2-up
- 4.1 Cell Communication 2-upAnswers2-up
- 4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction 2-upAnswers2-up
- 4.3 Signal Transduction Pathways 2-upAnswers2-up
- 4.4 Feedback 2-upAnswers2-up
- 4.5 Cell Cycle 2-upAnswers2-up
- 4.6 Regulation of Cell Cycle 2-upAnswers2-up
- 5.1 Meiosis 2-upAnswers2-up
- 5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity 2-upAnswers2-up
- 5.3 Mendelian Genetics 2-upAnswers2-up
- 5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics 2-upAnswers2-up
- 5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.4 Translation 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.7 Mutations 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.8 Biotechnology 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.2 Natural Selection 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.3 Artificial Selection 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.4 Population Genetics 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.6 Evidence of Evolution 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.7 Common Ancestry 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.9 Phylogeny 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.10 Speciation 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.11 Variations in Populations 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.1 Responses to the Environment 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.3 Population Ecology 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.4 Effect of Density on Populations 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.5 Community Ecology 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.6 Biodiversity 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.7 Disruptions in Ecosystems 2-upAnswers2-up
Topic quizzes
- 1. Chemistry of Life 2-up
- 2. Cell Structure and Function 2-up
- 3. Cellular Energetics 2-up
- 4. Cell Communication and Cell Cycle 2-up
- 5. Heredity 2-up
- 6. Gene Expression and Regulation 2-up
- 7. Natural Selection 2-up
- 8. Ecology 2-up
Unit tests
- 1. Chemistry of Life 2-upAnswers2-up
- 2. Cell Structure and Function 2-upAnswers2-up
- 3. Cellular Energetics 2-upAnswers2-up
- 4. Cell Communication and Cell Cycle 2-upAnswers2-up
- 5. Heredity 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6. Gene Expression and Regulation 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7. Natural Selection 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8. Ecology 2-upAnswers2-up
Mock papers
Course companion
Glossary
Topic handouts
- 1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding 2-up
- 1.2 Elements of Life 2-up
- 1.3 Introduction to Macromolecules 2-up
- 1.4 Carbohydrates 2-up
- 1.5 Lipids 2-up
- 1.6 Nucleic Acids 2-up
- 1.7 Proteins 2-up
- 2.1 Cell Structure and Function 2-up
- 2.2 Cell Size 2-up
- 2.3 Plasma Membrane 2-up
- 2.4 Membrane Permeability 2-up
- 2.5 Membrane Transport 2-up
- 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion 2-up
- 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation 2-up
- 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport 2-up
- 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization 2-up
- 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization 2-up
- 3.1 Enzymes 2-up
- 3.2 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function 2-up
- 3.3 Cellular Energy 2-up
- 3.4 Photosynthesis 2-up
- 3.5 Cellular Respiration 2-up
- 4.1 Cell Communication 2-up
- 4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction 2-up
- 4.3 Signal Transduction Pathways 2-up
- 4.4 Feedback 2-up
- 4.5 Cell Cycle 2-up
- 4.6 Regulation of Cell Cycle 2-up
- 5.1 Meiosis 2-up
- 5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity 2-up
- 5.3 Mendelian Genetics 2-up
- 5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics 2-up
- 5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype 2-up
- 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure 2-up
- 6.2 DNA Replication 2-up
- 6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing 2-up
- 6.4 Translation 2-up
- 6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression 2-up
- 6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization 2-up
- 6.7 Mutations 2-up
- 6.8 Biotechnology 2-up
- 7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection 2-up
- 7.2 Natural Selection 2-up
- 7.3 Artificial Selection 2-up
- 7.4 Population Genetics 2-up
- 7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 2-up
- 7.6 Evidence of Evolution 2-up
- 7.7 Common Ancestry 2-up
- 7.8 Continuing Evolution 2-up
- 7.9 Phylogeny 2-up
- 7.10 Speciation 2-up
- 7.11 Variations in Populations 2-up
- 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth 2-up
- 8.1 Responses to the Environment 2-up
- 8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems 2-up
- 8.3 Population Ecology 2-up
- 8.4 Effect of Density on Populations 2-up
- 8.5 Community Ecology 2-up
- 8.6 Biodiversity 2-up
- 8.7 Disruptions in Ecosystems 2-up
Lesson slides
- 1. Chemistry of Life
- 2. Cell Structure and Function
- 3. Cellular Energetics
- 4. Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
- 5. Heredity
- 6. Gene Expression and Regulation
- 7. Natural Selection
- 8. Ecology
Lesson slides
- 1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding
- 1.2 Elements of Life
- 1.3 Introduction to Macromolecules
- 1.4 Carbohydrates Past-paper walk-through
- 1.5 Lipids
- 1.6 Nucleic Acids Past-paper walk-through
- 1.7 Proteins Past-paper walk-through
- 2.1 Cell Structure and Function
- 2.2 Cell Size
- 2.3 Plasma Membrane Past-paper walk-through
- 2.4 Membrane Permeability Past-paper walk-through
- 2.5 Membrane Transport
- 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion Past-paper walk-through
- 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation Past-paper walk-through
- 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport Past-paper walk-through
- 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization Past-paper walk-through
- 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization Past-paper walk-through
- 3.1 Enzymes Past-paper walk-through
- 3.2 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function Past-paper walk-through
- 3.3 Cellular Energy Past-paper walk-through
- 3.4 Photosynthesis Past-paper walk-through
- 3.5 Cellular Respiration Past-paper walk-through
- 4.1 Cell Communication Past-paper walk-through
- 4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction Past-paper walk-through
- 4.3 Signal Transduction Pathways Past-paper walk-through
- 4.4 Feedback Past-paper walk-through
- 4.5 Cell Cycle Past-paper walk-through
- 4.6 Regulation of Cell Cycle Past-paper walk-through
- 5.1 Meiosis Past-paper walk-through
- 5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity Past-paper walk-through
- 5.3 Mendelian Genetics Past-paper walk-through
- 5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics Past-paper walk-through
- 5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype Past-paper walk-through
- 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure Past-paper walk-through
- 6.2 DNA Replication
- 6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing Past-paper walk-through
- 6.4 Translation Past-paper walk-through
- 6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression Past-paper walk-through
- 6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization Past-paper walk-through
- 6.7 Mutations Past-paper walk-through
- 6.8 Biotechnology Past-paper walk-through
- 7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection Past-paper walk-through
- 7.2 Natural Selection Past-paper walk-through
- 7.3 Artificial Selection Past-paper walk-through
- 7.4 Population Genetics Past-paper walk-through
- 7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- 7.6 Evidence of Evolution Past-paper walk-through
- 7.7 Common Ancestry Past-paper walk-through
- 7.8 Continuing Evolution
- 7.9 Phylogeny Past-paper walk-through
- 7.10 Speciation Past-paper walk-through
- 7.11 Variations in Populations Past-paper walk-through
- 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth Past-paper walk-through
- 8.1 Responses to the Environment Past-paper walk-through
- 8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems Past-paper walk-through
- 8.3 Population Ecology Past-paper walk-through
- 8.4 Effect of Density on Populations Past-paper walk-through
- 8.5 Community Ecology Past-paper walk-through
- 8.6 Biodiversity Past-paper walk-through
- 8.7 Disruptions in Ecosystems Past-paper walk-through
Vocabulary lists
- 1. Chemistry of Life 2-up
- 2. Cell Structure and Function 2-up
- 3. Cellular Energetics 2-up
- 4. Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
- 5. Heredity 2-up
- 6. Gene Expression and Regulation 2-up
- 7. Natural Selection 2-up
- 8. Ecology 2-up
Flashcards
Weekly vocab tests
- Week 1 · Topic 1 · Chemistry of Life 2-upAnswer key
- Week 2 · Topic 2 · Cell Structure and Function 2-upAnswer key
- Week 3 · Topics 2–4 · Cell Structure and Function, Cellular Energetics, Cell Communication and Cell Cycle 2-upAnswer key
- Week 4 · Topics 4–5 · Cell Communication and Cell Cycle, Heredity 2-upAnswer key
- Week 5 · Topics 2–6 · Cell Structure and Function, Heredity, Gene Expression and Regulation 2-upAnswer key
- Week 6 · Topics 6–8 · Gene Expression and Regulation, Natural Selection, Ecology 2-upAnswer key
- Week 7 · Topics 2–8 · Cell Structure and Function, Ecology 2-upAnswer key
- Week 8 · Topics 2–8 · Cell Structure and Function, Cellular Energetics, Gene Expression and Regulation, Ecology 2-upAnswer key
Weekly homework
- Week 1 2-up
- Week 3 2-up
- Week 5
- Week 6 2-up
- Week 10 2-up
- Week 13 2-up
- Week 16 2-up
- Week 19
- Week 21 2-up
- Week 23
- Week 25 2-up
- Week 28
Exercise sheets
- Complete pack — exercise sheets + past papers 2-up
- 1 Chemistry of Life — Part 1 2-upAnswer key
- 1 Chemistry of Life — Part 2 2-upAnswer key
- 2 Cell Structure and Function — Part 1 2-upAnswer key
- 2 Cell Structure and Function — Part 2 2-upAnswer key
- 3 Cellular Energetics — Part 1 2-upAnswer key
- 3 Cellular Energetics — Part 2 2-upAnswer key
- 4 Cell Communication and Cell Cycle — Part 1 2-upAnswer key
- 4 Cell Communication and Cell Cycle — Part 2 2-upAnswer key
- 5 Heredity — Part 1 2-upAnswer key
- 5 Heredity — Part 2 2-upAnswer key
- 6 Gene Expression and Regulation — Part 1 2-upAnswer key
- 6 Gene Expression and Regulation — Part 2 2-upAnswer key
- 7 Natural Selection — Part 1 2-upAnswer key
- 7 Natural Selection — Part 2 2-upAnswer key
- 8 Ecology — Part 1 2-upAnswer key
- 8 Ecology — Part 2 2-upAnswer key
Past papers
- 1.4 Carbohydrates 2-upAnswers2-up
- 1.6 Nucleic Acids Answers
- 1.7 Proteins Answers
- 2.3 Plasma Membrane Answers
- 2.4 Membrane Permeability Answers
- 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion Answers
- 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation Answers2-up
- 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport Answers
- 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization Answers
- 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization 2-upAnswers2-up
- 3.1 Enzymes Answers
- 3.2 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function Answers
- 3.3 Cellular Energy Answers
- 3.4 Photosynthesis Answers
- 3.5 Cellular Respiration Answers2-up
- 4.1 Cell Communication Answers
- 4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction Answers
- 4.3 Signal Transduction Pathways Answers2-up
- 4.4 Feedback Answers
- 4.5 Cell Cycle Answers
- 4.6 Regulation of Cell Cycle 2-upAnswers2-up
- 5.1 Meiosis Answers
- 5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity Answers
- 5.3 Mendelian Genetics Answers
- 5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics Answers
- 5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype Answers
- 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure 2-upAnswers2-up
- 6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing Answers2-up
- 6.4 Translation Answers
- 6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression Answers
- 6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization Answers
- 6.7 Mutations Answers
- 6.8 Biotechnology Answers
- 7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection 2-upAnswers2-up
- 7.2 Natural Selection Answers
- 7.3 Artificial Selection Answers2-up
- 7.4 Population Genetics Answers
- 7.6 Evidence of Evolution Answers
- 7.7 Common Ancestry Answers2-up
- 7.9 Phylogeny Answers2-up
- 7.10 Speciation Answers2-up
- 7.11 Variations in Populations Answers
- 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth 2-upAnswers2-up
- 8.1 Responses to the Environment Answers2-up
- 8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems Answers2-up
- 8.3 Population Ecology Answers
- 8.4 Effect of Density on Populations Answers2-up
- 8.5 Community Ecology Answers2-up
- 8.6 Biodiversity Answers
- 8.7 Disruptions in Ecosystems Answers2-up
Tips
Practise the data-analysis questions first. They are the most transferable part of the paper: the skill you build on one graph works on the next, whatever the organism.
Answer in the required form. A prompt that says "describe" wants what happens; "explain" wants why; "justify" wants evidence from the data given. Confusing the three is the commonest avoidable loss on this paper.
Older released papers use the previous unit numbering but the science practices they test are unchanged — they are still good practice for exactly the skills that decide the grade.