AP Biology

1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding 1.2 Elements of Life 1.3 Introduction to Macromolecules 1.4 Carbohydrates 1.5 Lipids 1.6 Nucleic Acids 1.7 Proteins

2.1 Cell Structure and Function 2.2 Cell Size 2.3 Plasma Membrane 2.4 Membrane Permeability 2.5 Membrane Transport 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

3.1 Enzymes 3.2 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function 3.3 Cellular Energy 3.4 Photosynthesis 3.5 Cellular Respiration

4.1 Cell Communication 4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction 4.3 Signal Transduction Pathways 4.4 Feedback 4.5 Cell Cycle 4.6 Regulation of Cell Cycle

5.1 Meiosis 5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity 5.3 Mendelian Genetics 5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics 5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype

6.1 DNA and RNA Structure 6.2 DNA Replication 6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing 6.4 Translation 6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression 6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization 6.7 Mutations 6.8 Biotechnology

7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection 7.2 Natural Selection 7.3 Artificial Selection 7.4 Population Genetics 7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 7.6 Evidence of Evolution 7.7 Common Ancestry 7.8 Continuing Evolution 7.9 Phylogeny 7.10 Speciation 7.11 Variations in Populations 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth

8.1 Responses to the Environment 8.2.1 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems 8.2.2 Matter Cycling Through Ecosystems 8.3 Population Ecology 8.4 Effect of Density on Populations 8.5 Community Ecology 8.6 Biodiversity 8.7 Disruptions in Ecosystems