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AP English Language and Composition
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PDFs use a shared English edition outside Chinese modes. Original editions remain available.
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- 1Claims, Evidence, and the Rhetorical Situation
- 2Audience, Thesis, and Supporting Evidence
- 3Line of Reasoning and Methods of Development
- 4Introductions, Conclusions, and Development
- 5Organization, Coherence, and Style
- 6Evidence, Thesis, and Stylistic Choices
- 7Qualifying Arguments, Syntax, and Conventions
- 8Audience, Tone, and Sentence Craft
- 9Refining Qualified Arguments
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Tips
A thesis must be defensible. A statement of the obvious that no reasonable reader would dispute cannot be defended, and therefore cannot be rewarded.
Commentary is where the marks live. Quoting evidence shows you found it; explaining how the evidence supports your line of reasoning is the part that is actually being assessed.
In synthesis writing, sources support your argument - they do not replace it. An answer that summarises the sources in turn has produced a summary, not an argument.
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