Pearson Edexcel · International A-Level · Economics

1 Consumer behaviour and markets 2 Models, evidence and value judgements 3 Scarcity, marginal sacrifice and capital goods 4 Specialization, money and financial markets 5 Allocation systems and the role of the state 6 Rational choices, framing and inertia 7 Marginal utility and an individual demand curve 8 A straight demand line has changing elasticity 9 Income and cross-price responses 10 Supply adjustment, tax forms and time horizons 11 Market clearing and simultaneous changes 12 Consumer and producer surplus · ⁨Excedente do consumidor e do produtor⁩ 13 Price as signal, incentive and rationing device 14 A tax wedge and who bears it 15 Subsidy receipts, spending and distribution

1 Market failure and policy · ⁨Falha de mercado e políticas públicas⁩ 2 Private decisions and social allocation 3 Production externalities and marginal social cost 4 Consumption benefits and underuse 5 Public goods, rivalry and free riding 6 Information gaps and adverse selection 7 Moral hazard and protection from losses 8 Speculation, leverage and market bubbles 9 Price limits, tax and subsidy choices 10 Pollution permits and property rights 11 Provision, regulation and information 12 Government failure and feasible alternatives

1 National income and aggregate activity · ⁨Renda nacional e atividade agregada⁩ 2 GDP, GNI and comparable real income 3 Growth rates, recession and wellbeing 4 Weighted price indices and disinflation 5 Inflation sources and stakeholder effects 6 Labour-force rates and hidden slack 7 Trade balances and the current account 8 Aggregate spending and the AD curve 9 Consumption, saving and changing ratios 10 Investment, replacement and incentives 11 Government purchases and expenditure choices 12 Net trade and conditional currency effects 13 Short-run supply and two long-run models 14 Capacity, productivity and policy conditions 15 Circular flows, income and wealth 16 Injections, withdrawals and adjustment 17 Equilibrium output and simultaneous shifts 18 Multiplier rounds and leakage conventions 19 Actual growth, capacity and productivity 20 Who benefits from growth? 21 Growth costs and competing objectives 22 Output gaps and uncertain potential

1 Macroeconomic objectives and policies · ⁨Objetivos e políticas macroeconômicas⁩ 2 Six macroeconomic objectives and their measures 3 Policy conflicts and the short-run Phillips curve 4 Market-based supply-side policies 5 Interventionist supply-side policy and evaluation 6 Fiscal policy and demand management 7 Monetary instruments and transmission limits 8 Central-bank roles and policy choice

1 Firms, costs and market structures · ⁨Empresas, custos e estruturas de mercado⁩ 2 Business forms and size measures 3 Organic growth and four integration types 4 Growth constraints, small firms and demergers 5 Objectives, decision conditions and agency 6 Revenue curves and elasticity 7 Fixed inputs, product and marginal cost 8 Cost identities, averages and marginal curves 9 Scale economies, MES and organizational costs 10 Normal profit, losses and shutdown 11 Four efficiency concepts and market outcomes 12 Concentration ratios and market definition 13 Perfect competition: firm and industry 14 Differentiated competition and excess capacity 15 Oligopoly and barriers to entry or exit 16 A two-firm pricing game and collusion 17 Price and non-price rivalry 18 Monopoly output, welfare and efficiency 19 Natural monopoly and financing efficient provision 20 Third-degree discrimination and who gains

1 Labour markets and intervention

1 Globalisation, trade and payments · ⁨Globalização, comércio e pagamentos⁩

1 Development, inequality and the state · ⁨Desenvolvimento, desigualdade e o Estado⁩