A-Level Computer Science

1.1.1 Number systems and conversions 1.1.2 Binary arithmetic and signed integers 1.1.3 Character codes — ASCII and Unicode 1.2.1 Bitmap and vector graphics 1.2.2 Sound — sampling and file size 1.3 Compression

2.1.1 Networks and their types 2.1.2 Network topologies and hardware 2.1.3 The internet, the web and IP addressing 2.1.4 URLs, DNS and bit streaming

3.1.1 Computer components and embedded systems 3.1.2 Storage and peripheral devices 3.1.3 RAM, ROM and memory types 3.1.4 Monitoring and control systems 3.2.1 Logic gates 3.2.2 Logic circuits

4.1.1 Von Neumann architecture and the CPU 4.1.2 Performance, the fetch-execute cycle and interrupts 4.2 Assembly Language 4.3 Bit manipulation

5.1.1 Operating systems and utility software 5.1.2 Program libraries 5.2 Language Translators

6.1.1 Security threats 6.1.2 Security measures and protecting data 6.2 Data Integrity

7.1.1 Ethics for computing professionals 7.1.2 Copyright and software licences 7.1.3 Artificial intelligence

8.1.1 Why databases and the relational model 8.1.2 E-R diagrams and normalisation 8.2 Database Management Systems (DBMS) 8.3 Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML)

9.1 Computational Thinking Skills 9.2.1 Algorithms and pseudocode 9.2.2 Notations, stepwise refinement and logic

10.1 Data Types and Records 10.2 Arrays 10.3 Files 10.4.1 Abstract Data Types — stack, queue, linked list 10.4.2 Implementing ADTs using arrays

11.1 Programming Basics 11.2 Constructs 11.3 Structured Programming

12.1 Program Development Life cycle 12.2 Program Design 12.3 Program Testing and Maintenance

13.1 User-defined data types 13.2.1 File organisation and access 13.2.2 Hashing 13.3 Floating-point numbers, representation and manipulation

14.1.1 Protocols and the TCP/IP model 14.1.2 Application-layer protocols 14.2 Circuit switching, packet switching

15.1.1 RISC, CISC and pipelining 15.1.2 Parallel processing and virtual machines 15.2.1 Boolean algebra and Karnaugh maps 15.2.2 Adders and flip-flops

16.1.1 OS resource management and processes 16.1.2 Virtual memory, paging and segmentation 16.2.1 Compilation and interpretation 16.2.2 Grammar (BNF) and Reverse Polish Notation

17.1.1 Encryption and hashing 17.1.2 TLS, certificates and digital signatures

18.1.1 AI, graphs and neural networks 18.1.2 Machine learning types and training 18.1.3 Regression and AI in practice

19.1.1 Searching algorithms 19.1.2 Sorting algorithms 19.1.3 Comparing algorithms and ADTs in algorithms 19.2 Recursion

20.1.1 Programming paradigms 20.1.2 Object-oriented programming 20.2.1 File processing 20.2.2 Exception handling