IGCSE Biology · ⁨IGCSE 生物⁩

1.1 Characteristics of living organisms · ⁨生物の特性⁩ 1.2 Concept and uses of classification systems · ⁨分類システムの概念と用途⁩ 1.3 Features of organisms · ⁨生物の特徴⁩

2.1.1 Cells · ⁨細胞⁩ 2.1.2 Specialised cells and organisation · ⁨特化した細胞と組織⁩ 2.2 Size of specimens · ⁨標本のサイズ⁩

3.1 Diffusion · ⁨拡散⁩ 3.2 Osmosis · ⁨浸透⁩ 3.3 Active transport · ⁨能動的輸送⁩

4.1.1 Biological molecules · ⁨生体分子⁩ 4.1.2 Food tests · ⁨食品試験⁩

5.1.1 What enzymes are · ⁨酵素とは何か⁩ 5.1.2 Temperature and pH · ⁨温度とpH⁩

6.1 Photosynthesis · ⁨光合成⁩ 6.2 Leaf structure · ⁨葉の構造⁩

7.1 Diet · ⁨食事⁩ 7.2 Digestive system · ⁨消化系⁩ 7.3 Physical digestion · ⁨物理的消化⁩ 7.4 Chemical digestion · ⁨化学的消化⁩ 7.5 Absorption · ⁨吸収則⁩

8.1 Xylem and phloem · ⁨木部と篩部⁩ 8.2 Water uptake · ⁨水の吸収⁩ 8.3 Transpiration · ⁨蒸散⁩ 8.4 Translocation · ⁨移動⁩

9.1 Circulatory systems · ⁨循環系⁩ 9.2 Heart · ⁨心臓⁩ 9.3 Blood vessels · ⁨血管（blood vessels）⁩ 9.4 Blood · ⁨血液（Blood）⁩

10.1.1 Pathogens and defences · ⁨病原体と防御機構⁩ 10.1.2 Immunity and vaccination · ⁨免疫とワクチン接種⁩

11.1.1 Gas exchange surfaces · ⁨ガス交換面⁩ 11.1.2 Breathing and gas exchange · ⁨呼吸とガス交換⁩

12.1 Respiration · ⁨呼吸⁩ 12.2 Aerobic respiration · ⁨好気性呼吸⁩ 12.3 Anaerobic respiration · ⁨無酸素呼吸⁩

13.1.1 Excretion and the urinary system · ⁨排泄と泌尿器系⁩ 13.1.2 The nephron and urea

14.1.1 The nervous system and reflexes · ⁨神経系と反射⁩ 14.1.2 Synapses · ⁨シナプス⁩ 14.2.1 The eye · ⁨眼⁩ 14.2.2 Accommodation, rods and cones · ⁨調節、ロッド細胞とコニ细胞⁩ 14.3 Hormones · ⁨ホルモン⁩ 14.4.1 Homeostasis and blood glucose · ⁨ホメオスタシスと血糖値⁩ 14.4.2 Controlling body temperature · ⁨体温の調節⁩ 14.5 Tropic responses · ⁨向性運動⁩

15.1 Drugs · ⁨薬物⁩

16.1 Asexual reproduction · ⁨無性生殖⁩ 16.2 Sexual reproduction 16.3.1 Flowers and pollination 16.3.2 Fertilisation and germination 16.4.1 Human reproductive systems · ⁨人間の生殖系⁩ 16.4.2 Gametes, fertilisation and pregnancy · ⁨生殖胞、受精、妊娠⁩ 16.5 Sex hormones in humans · ⁨人間の性ホルモン⁩ 16.6 Sexually transmitted infections · ⁨性感染症⁩

17.1.1 Chromosomes, genes and proteins · ⁨染色体、遺伝子、タンパク質⁩ 17.1.2 How DNA makes proteins · ⁨DNAがタンパク質を作る仕組み⁩ 17.2 Mitosis · ⁨有糸分裂⁩ 17.3 Meiosis · ⁨減数分裂⁩ 17.4.1 Inheritance key words · ⁨遺伝学のキーワード⁩ 17.4.2 Monohybrid crosses · ⁨単一雑種組換え⁩ 17.4.3 Codominance and sex linkage · ⁨共役性と性連鎖⁩

18.1 Variation · ⁨変異⁩ 18.2 Adaptive features · ⁨適応的特徴⁩ 18.3.1 Natural selection · ⁨自然選択⁩ 18.3.2 Selective breeding · ⁨品種改良⁩

19.1 Energy flow · ⁨エネルギーの流れ⁩ 19.2.1 Food chains and food webs · ⁨食物鎖と食物網⁩ 19.2.2 Trophic levels and energy loss 19.3.1 The carbon cycle · ⁨炭素サイクル⁩ 19.3.2 The nitrogen cycle · ⁨窒素サイクル⁩ 19.4 Populations · ⁨個体数⁩

20.1 Food supply · ⁨食料の供給量⁩ 20.2 Habitat destruction · ⁨生息地の破壊⁩ 20.3.1 Water pollution and eutrophication · ⁨水質汚染と富栄養化⁩ 20.3.2 Plastics and greenhouse gases · ⁨プラスチックと温室効果ガス⁩ 20.4 Conservation · ⁨保全活動⁩

21.1 Biotechnology and genetic modification · ⁨バイオテクノロジーと遺伝子組み換え⁩ 21.2.1 Biotechnology in action · ⁨現場でのバイオテクノロジー⁩ 21.2.2 Fermenters · ⁨発酵槽⁩ 21.3 Genetic modification · ⁨遺伝子組み換え⁩