Core	Supplement
1 Compare the general physical properties of metals and non-metals, including: (a) thermal conductivity (b) electrical conductivity (c) malleability and ductility (d) melting points and boiling points
2 Describe the general chemical properties of metals, limited to their reactions with: (a) dilute acids (b) cold water and steam (c) oxygen

性质	金属	非金属
导热性(thermal conductivity,导热)	好	差
导电性(electrical conductivity)	好	差(石墨除外)
展性(malleability)和延性(ductility)	有展性和延性	易碎(brittle,它们折断)
熔点(melting point)和沸点(boiling point)	通常高	通常低

Core	Supplement
1 Describe an alloy as a mixture of a metal with other elements, including: (a) brass as a mixture of copper and zinc (b) stainless steel as a mixture of iron and other elements such as chromium, nickel and carbon
2 State that alloys can be harder and stronger than the pure metals and are more useful	5 Explain in terms of structure how alloys can be harder and stronger than the pure metals because the different sized atoms in alloys mean the layers can no longer slide over each other
3 Describe the uses of alloys in terms of their physical properties, including stainless steel in cutlery because of its hardness and resistance to rusting
4 Identify representations of alloys from diagrams of structure

Core	Supplement
1 State the order of the reactivity series as: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold	4 Describe the relative reactivities of metals in terms of their tendency to form positive ions, by displacement reactions, if any, with the aqueous ions of magnesium, zinc, iron, copper and silver
2 Describe the reactions, if any, of: (a) potassium, sodium and calcium with cold water (b) magnesium with steam (c) magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, silver and gold with dilute hydrochloric acid and explain these reactions in terms of the position of the metals in the reactivity series
	5 Explain the apparent unreactivity of aluminium in terms of its oxide layer
3 Deduce an order of reactivity from a given set of experimental results

Core	Supplement
1 State the conditions required for the rusting of iron and steel to form hydrated iron(III) oxide
2 State some common barrier methods, including painting, greasing and coating with plastic	4 Describe the use of zinc in galvanising as an example of a barrier method and sacrificial protection
3 Describe how barrier methods prevent rusting by excluding oxygen or water	5 Explain sacrificial protection in terms of the reactivity series and in terms of electron loss

Core	Supplement
1 Describe the ease in obtaining metals from their ores, related to the position of the metal in the reactivity series
2 Describe the extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace, limited to: (a) the burning of carbon (coke) to provide heat and produce carbon dioxide (b) the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide (c) the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide (d) the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate/limestone to produce calcium oxide (e) the formation of slag Symbol equations are not required	4 State the symbol equations for the extraction of iron from hematite (a) $\text{C} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2$ (b) $\text{C} + \text{CO}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{CO}$ (c) $\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 + 3\text{CO} \rightarrow 2\text{Fe} + 3\text{CO}_2$ (d) $\text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{CaO} + \text{CO}_2$ (e) $\text{CaO} + \text{SiO}_2 \rightarrow \text{CaSiO}_3$
3 State that the main ore of aluminium is bauxite and that aluminium is extracted by electrolysis	5 Describe the extraction of aluminium from purified bauxite/aluminium oxide, including: (a) the role of cryolite (b) why the carbon anodes need to be regularly replaced (c) the reactions at the electrodes, including ionic half-equations Details of the purification of bauxite are not required

英文	中文	拼音
density	密度	mì dù
corrosion	腐蚀	fǔ shí

金属的性质

Metallic bonding