Extraction of metals · 金属的提取
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| ores/ɔːz/ | 矿石 | kuàng shí |
| extraction/ekˈstrækʃn/ | 提取 | tí qǔ |
| reduction/rɪˈdʌkʃn/ | 还原 | huán yuán |
| electrolysis/ɪlekˈtrɒləsɪs/ | 电解 | diàn jiě |
| blast furnace/blæst ˈfɜːnɪs/ | 高炉 | gāo lú |
Getting metals out of rocks
- Most metals are found combined with other elements in ores 矿石, not as pure metal.
- Extraction 提取 is the process of getting the metal out — and the method depends on reactivity.
从岩石中取出金属
- 大多数金属在矿石(ores)中与其他元素结合被发现,而不是作为纯金属。
- 提取(extraction)是取出金属的过程——而方法取决于活泼性。
A rock containing enough of a metal compound to extract is called an: · 一块含有足够多金属化合物可提取的岩石被称为一个:
Metals are extracted from their ores. · 金属从它们的矿石中提取。
Reactivity decides the method
- Less reactive metals (below carbon) can be extracted by heating with carbon (reduction 还原).
- More reactive metals (above carbon) must be extracted by electrolysis 电解.
The reactivity series, and how a metal's position decides its extraction method
活泼性决定方法
- 不那么活泼的金属(碳以下)能通过用碳加热(还原)提取。
- 更活泼的金属(碳以上)必须通过电解提取。
活泼性顺序,以及一种金属的位置如何决定它的提取方法
Extracting iron in the blast furnace · 在高炉中提取铁
Iron is below carbon in reactivity, so carbon can reduce its ore to the metal. · 铁在活泼性上低于碳,所以碳能把它的矿石还原成金属。
Iron is extracted by heating its ore with: · 铁通过用以下加热它的矿石提取:
Iron is below carbon, so carbon reduces it. · 铁在碳之下,所以碳还原它。
Removing oxygen from a metal oxide using carbon is an example of ______. · 用碳从一个金属氧化物中移除氧是______的一个例子。
Reduction is loss of oxygen. · 还原是失去氧。
Extracting iron
- Iron is extracted in a blast furnace 高炉 by reduction with carbon.
- The carbon (from coke) removes the oxygen from iron oxide, leaving iron.
In the blast furnace, carbon monoxide reduces the iron ore and limestone removes sandy impurities as slag
提取铁
- 铁在一座高炉(blast furnace)中通过用碳还原提取。
- 碳(来自焦炭)从氧化铁中移除氧,留下铁。
在高炉中,一氧化碳还原铁矿石,石灰石把含沙的杂质作为炉渣移除
Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis because it is: · 铝通过电解提取,因为它:
Metals above carbon need electrolysis. · 碳以上的金属需要电解。
The method used to extract a metal depends on its reactivity. · 提取一种金属所用的方法取决于它的活泼性。
Reactive metals need electrolysis; less reactive ones use carbon. · 活泼的金属需要电解;不那么活泼的用碳。
Extracting aluminium
- Aluminium is too reactive for carbon, so it is extracted by electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide.
- This uses a lot of electricity, making aluminium expensive to extract.
Reactivity decides the extraction method. Metals more reactive than carbon (like aluminium) need electrolysis; those less reactive (like iron) can be reduced by carbon. Very unreactive metals (gold) are found native.
Metals above carbon need electrolysis; those below are heated with carbon
提取铝
- 铝对碳来说太活泼,所以它通过熔融氧化铝的电解提取。
- 这使用大量的电,使铝提取昂贵。
活泼性决定提取方法。 比碳更活泼的金属(像铝)需要电解;那些不那么活泼的(像铁)能被碳还原。非常不活泼的金属(金)以天然态被发现。
You've got it
- metals are found in ores; extraction gets the pure metal out
- less reactive than carbon → reduced by carbon (e.g. iron in a blast furnace)
- more reactive than carbon → extracted by electrolysis (e.g. aluminium)
你掌握了
- 金属在矿石中被发现;提取取出纯金属
- 比碳不那么活泼 → 被碳还原(例如高炉中的铁)
- 比碳更活泼 → 通过电解提取(例如铝)