Imperialism and the Spanish-American War · ⁨Imperialisme dan Perang Spanyol-Amerika⁩

Syllabus · ⁨Silabus⁩

English

7.1 Contextualizing Period 7

Learning Objective Unit 7.A: Explain the context in which America grew into its role as a world power.

KC-7.1 Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.
- KC-7.1.I The United States continued its transition from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial economy led by large companies.
- KC-7.1.II In the Progressive Era of the early 20th century, Progressives responded to political corruption, economic instability, and social concerns by calling for greater government action and other political and social measures.
- KC-7.1.III During the 1930s, policymakers responded to the mass unemployment and social upheavals of the Great Depression by transforming the U.S. into a limited welfare state, redefining the goals and ideas of modern American liberalism.
KC-7.2 Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns.
- KC-7.2.I Popular culture grew in influence in U.S. society, even as debates increased over the effects of culture on public values, morals, and American national identity.
- KC-7.2.II Economic pressures, global events, and political developments caused sharp variations in the numbers, sources, and experiences of both international and internal migrants.
KC-7.3 Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.
- KC-7.3.I In the late 19th century and early 20th century, new U.S. territorial ambitions and acquisitions in the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific accompanied heightened public debates over America’s role in the world.
- KC-7.3.II World War I and its aftermath intensified ongoing debates about the nation’s role in the world and how best to achieve national security and pursue American interests.
- KC-7.3.III U.S. participation in World War II transformed American society, while the victory of the United States and its allies over the Axis powers vaulted the U.S. into a position of global, political, and military leadership.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.1 Mengkontekstualisasikan Periode 7

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.A: Jelaskan konteks di mana Amerika tumbuh menjadi perannya sebagai kekuatan dunia.

KC-7.1 Pertumbuhan memperluas peluang, sementara ketidakstabilan ekonomi memicu upaya baru untuk mereformasi masyarakat dan sistem ekonomi AS.
- KC-7.1.I Amerika Serikat melanjutkan transisinya dari ekonomi pedesaan-agricultural ke ekonomi urban-industrial yang dipimpin oleh perusahaan-perusahaan besar.
- KC-7.1.II Pada Era Progresif awal abad ke-20, para Progresif merespons korupsi politik, ketidakstabilan ekonomi, dan kekhawatiran sosial dengan menyerukan tindakan pemerintah yang lebih besar dan langkah-langkah politik dan sosial lainnya.
- KC-7.1.III Selama tahun 1930-an, pembuat kebijakan merespons pengangguran massal dan gejolak sosial akibat Depresi Besar dengan mengubah AS menjadi negara kesejahteraan terbatas, mendefinisikan kembali tujuan dan gagasan liberalisme Amerika modern.
KC-7.2 Inovasi dalam komunikasi dan teknologi berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan budaya massa, sementara perubahan signifikan terjadi pada pola migrasi internal dan internasional.
- KC-7.2.I Budaya populer mengalami peningkatan pengaruh dalam masyarakat AS, meskipun perdebatan mengenai dampak budaya terhadap nilai-nilai publik, moral, dan identitas nasional Amerika semakin meningkat.
- KC-7.2.II Tekanan ekonomi, peristiwa global, dan perkembangan politik menyebabkan variasi tajam dalam jumlah, sumber, dan pengalaman baik imigran internasional maupun internal.
KC-7.3 Partisipasi dalam serangkaian konflik global mendorong Amerika Serikat ke posisi kekuatan internasional sambil memperbarui perdebatan domestik mengenai peran yang tepat negara tersebut di dunia.
- KC-7.3.I Pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20, ambisi dan akuisisi wilayah AS yang baru di Hemisfer Barat dan Pasifik disertai dengan peningkatan perdebatan publik mengenai peran Amerika di dunia.
- KC-7.3.II Perang Dunia I dan dampaknya mengintensifkan perdebatan berkelanjutan tentang peran bangsa di dunia dan cara terbaik untuk mencapai keamanan nasional serta mengejar kepentingan Amerika.
- KC-7.3.III Partisipasi AS dalam Perang Dunia II mengubah masyarakat Amerika, sementara kemenangan AS dan sekutunya atas kekuatan Poros mengangkat AS ke posisi kepemimpinan global, politik, dan militer.

English

7.2 Imperialism: Debates

Thematic Focus (WOR): America in the World — Diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military interactions between empires, nations, and peoples shape the development of America and America’s increasingly important role in the world.

Learning Objective Unit 7.B: Explain the similarities and differences in attitudes about the nation’s proper role in the world.

KC-7.3.I.A Imperialists cited economic opportunities, racial theories, competition with European empires, and the perception in the 1890s that the western frontier was “closed” to argue that Americans were destined to expand their culture and institutions to peoples around the globe.
KC-7.3.I.B Anti-imperialists cited principles of self-determination and invoked both racial theories and the U.S. foreign policy tradition of isolationism to argue that the United States should not extend its territory overseas.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.2 Imperialisme: Perdebatan

Fokus Tematik (WOR): Amerika di Dunia — Interaksi diplomatik, ekonomi, budaya, dan militer antara imperium, bangsa, dan rakyat membentuk perkembangan Amerika dan peran Amerika yang semakin penting di dunia.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.B: Jelaskan persamaan dan perbedaan sikap mengenai peran yang tepat negara dalam dunia internasional.

KC-7.3.I.A Para imperialis mengutip peluang ekonomi, teori ras, persaingan dengan imperium Eropa, dan persepsi pada era 1890-an bahwa perbatasan barat telah "tertutup", untuk berargumen bahwa rakyat Amerika ditakdirkan untuk memperluas budaya dan institusi mereka kepada masyarakat di seluruh dunia.
KC-7.3.I.B Para anti-imperialis mengutip prinsip penentuan nasib sendiri dan invoke baik teori ras maupun tradisi isolasionisme kebijakan luar negeri AS untuk berargumen bahwa Amerika Serikat tidak seharusnya memperluas wilayahnya ke luar negeri.

English

7.3 The Spanish–American War

Thematic Focus (WOR): America in the World — Diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military interactions between empires, nations, and peoples shape the development of America and America’s increasingly important role in the world.

Learning Objective Unit 7.C: Explain the effects of the Spanish–American War.

KC-7.3.I.C The American victory in the Spanish–American War led to the U.S. acquisition of island territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific, an increase in involvement in Asia, and the suppression of a nationalist movement in the Philippines.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.3 Perang Spanyol-Amerika

Fokus Tematik (WOR): Amerika di Dunia — Interaksi diplomatik, ekonomi, budaya, dan militer antara imperium, bangsa, dan rakyat membentuk perkembangan Amerika dan peran Amerika yang semakin penting di dunia.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.C: Jelaskan dampak Perang Spanyol-Amerika.

KC-7.3.I.C Kemenangan Amerika dalam Perang Spanyol-Amerika mengarah pada akuisisi wilayah kepulauan AS di Karibia dan Pasifik, peningkatan keterlibatan di Asia, serta penekanan terhadap gerakan nasionalis di Filipina.

Source: College Board AP Course and Exam Description · ⁨Sumber: Deskripsi Kursus dan Ujian College Board AP⁩

English

Period 7 runs from 1890 to 1945 - the longest and densest period. Three storylines run through it: the growth of federal power in the economy, the rise of mass culture and the arguments it provoked, and the country's move to global power.

New territorial ambitions 领土野心 grew from a search for markets, naval strategy, and beliefs about national mission. Victory in the Spanish-American War 美西战争 gave the United States overseas possessions and forced a genuine argument.

The imperialism debate 帝国主义之争 is the examinable point: supporters argued for markets, strategic bases, and a civilising mission; opponents argued that ruling people without their consent contradicted the country's founding principles, and some argued on racial or economic grounds. Both positions must appear in a strong answer.

Bahasa Indonesia

Periode 7 berlangsung dari 1890 hingga 1945 — periode terpanjang dan paling padat. Tiga alur cerita melaluinya: pertumbuhan kekuasaan federal dalam ekonomi, munculnya budaya massa dan perdebatan yang ditimbulkannya, serta pergantian negara menuju kekuatan global.

Ambisi teritorial baru tumbuh dari pencarian pasar, strategi angkatan laut, dan keyakinan tentang misi nasional. Kemenangan dalam Perang Spanyol-Amerika memberikan Amerika Serikat wilayah luar negeri dan memaksa sebuah perdebatan yang sesungguhnya.

Debat imperialisme adalah poin yang diujikan: pendukung berargumen untuk pasar, basis strategis, dan misi peradaban; lawan berargumen bahwa memerintah tanpa persetujuan rakyat bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip pendirian negara, dan beberapa berargumen berdasarkan alasan rasial atau ekonomi. Kedua posisi harus muncul dalam jawaban yang kuat.

Perdebatan tentang kekaisaran: kedua pihak berargumen dari prinsip Amerika

Vocabulary · ⁨Kosa kata⁩ Train · ⁨Latih⁩

English	Bahasa Indonesia
territorial ambitions/ˌterɪˈtɔːrɪəl æmˈbɪʃnz/	ambisi teritorial
Spanish-American War/ˈspænɪʃ əˈmerɪkən wɔː/	Perang Spanyol-Amerika
imperialism debate/ɪmˈpɪərɪəlɪzəm dɪˈbeɪt/	debat imperialisme
urban, industrial/ˈɜːbən ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl/	perkotaan, industri
Progressives/prəˈɡresɪvz/	Progresif
expertise and evidence/ˌekspəˈtiːz ænd ˈevɪdəns/	keahlian dan bukti
politics itself/ˈpɒlətɪks ɪtˈself/	politik itu sendiri
First World War/fɜːst wɜːld wɔː/	Perang Dunia I
Great Migration/ɡreɪt maɪˈɡreɪʃn/	Penguatan Besar
unilateral foreign policy/ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl ˈfɒrən ˈpɒlɪsi/	kebijakan luar negeri sepihak
mass culture/mæs ˈkʌltʃə/	budaya massa
sharp divisions/ʃɑːp dɪˈvɪʒnz/	perpecahan tajam
Immigration restriction/ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn rɪˈstrɪkʃn/	Pembatasan Imigrasi
prohibition/prəhɪˈbɪʃn/	larangan

7.4

The Progressive Era · ⁨Era Progresif⁩

Syllabus · ⁨Silabus⁩

English

7.4 The Progressives

Thematic Focus (PCE): Politics and Power — Debates fostered by social and political groups about the role of government in American social, political, and economic life shape government policy, institutions, political parties, and the rights of citizens.

Thematic Focus (GEO): Geography and the Environment — Geographic and environmental factors, including competition over and debates about natural resources, shape the development of America and foster regional diversity. The development of America impacts the environment and reshapes geography, which leads to debates about environmental and geographic issues.

Learning Objective Unit 7.D: Compare the goals and effects of the Progressive reform movement.

KC-7.1.II.A Some Progressive Era journalists attacked what they saw as political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality, while reformers, often from the middle and upper classes and including many women, worked to effect social changes in cities and among immigrant populations.
KC-7.1.II.D The Progressives were divided over many issues. Some Progressives supported Southern segregation, while others ignored its presence. Some Progressives advocated expanding popular participation in government, while others called for greater reliance on professional and technical experts to make government more efficient. Progressives also disagreed about immigration restriction.
KC-7.1.II.B On the national level, Progressives sought federal legislation that they believed would effectively regulate the economy, expand democracy, and generate moral reform. Progressive amendments to the Constitution dealt with issues such as prohibition and women’s suffrage.

Learning Objective Unit 7.E: Compare attitudes toward the use of natural resources from 1890 to 1945.

KC-7.1.II.C Preservationists and conservationists both supported the establishment of national parks while advocating different government responses to the overuse of natural resources.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.4 Para Progresif

Fokus Tematik (PCE): Politik dan Kekuasaan — Perdebatan yang dipicu oleh kelompok sosial dan politik tentang peran pemerintah dalam kehidupan sosial, politik, dan ekonomi Amerika membentuk kebijakan pemerintah, institusi, partai politik, dan hak-hak warga negara.

Fokus Tematik (GEO): Geografi dan Lingkungan — Faktor geografis dan lingkungan, termasuk persaingan dan perdebatan mengenai sumber daya alam, membentuk perkembangan Amerika dan mendorong keberagaman regional. Perkembangan Amerika berdampak pada lingkungan dan mengubah geografi, yang mengarah pada perdebatan mengenai isu lingkungan dan geografis.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.D: Bandingkan tujuan dan dampak gerakan reformasi progresif.

KC-7.1.II.A Beberapa jurnalis Era Progresif menyerang apa yang mereka anggap sebagai korupsi politik, ketidakadilan sosial, dan ketimpangan ekonomi, sementara para pembaharu, sering kali berasal dari kelas menengah dan atas termasuk banyak wanita, bekerja untuk mewujudkan perubahan sosial di kota-kota dan di kalangan populasi imigran.
KC-7.1.II.D Para Progresif terpecah dalam berbagai isu. Beberapa Progresif mendukung segregasi Selatan, sementara yang lain mengabaikan keberadaannya. Beberapa Progresif advocating perluasan partisipasi publik dalam pemerintahan, sementara yang lain menyerukan ketergantungan yang lebih besar pada ahli profesional dan teknis agar pemerintahan lebih efisien. Para Progresif juga berselisih pendapat mengenai pembatasan imigrasi.
KC-7.1.II.B Pada tingkat nasional, para Progresif mencari undang-undang federal yang mereka yakini akan efektif dalam mengatur ekonomi, memperluas demokrasi, dan menghasilkan reformasi moral. Perubahan konstitusi progresif menangani isu-isu seperti larangan alkohol dan hak suara perempuan.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.E: Bandingkan sikap terhadap penggunaan sumber daya alam dari tahun 1890 hingga 1945.

KC-7.1.II.C Para pelestari (preservationists) dan konservasionis sama-sama mendukung pendirian taman nasional sambil mengadvokasi respons pemerintah yang berbeda terhadap penyalahgunaan sumber daya alam secara berlebihan.

Source: College Board AP Course and Exam Description · ⁨Sumber: Deskripsi Kursus dan Ujian College Board AP⁩

English

The United States continued its transition from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial 城市工业化 one, and Progressives 进步主义者 responded to the problems that came with it.

Progressivism was a broad reform impulse, not a single programme, but its methods are consistent:

Use expertise and evidence 专业知识与证据 to diagnose social problems - the work of muckraking journalists and social surveys.
Use government to fix them: regulation of food, drugs, working conditions, and monopolies.
Reform politics itself 政治改革 through the direct primary, the initiative and referendum, and direct election of senators.

Its limits are examinable too. Progressive reform largely excluded African Americans, and some Progressives supported segregation and immigration restriction.

Bahasa Indonesia

Amerika Serikat melanjutkan transisinya dari ekonomi pedesaan-agraris menjadi urban-industri, dan Progresif merespons masalah-masalah yang menyertainya.

Progresivisme adalah dorongan reformasi yang luas, bukan program tunggal, tetapi metodenya konsisten:

Gunakan keahlian dan bukti untuk mendiagnosis masalah sosial — karya jurnalis pengungkap korupsi dan survei sosial.
Gunakan pemerintah untuk memperbaikinya: regulasi makanan, obat-obatan, kondisi kerja, dan monopoli.
Reformasi politik itu sendiri melalui primer langsung, inisiatif dan referendum, serta pemilihan senator langsung.

Batasannya juga dapat diujikan. Reformasi Progresif sebagian besar mengeksklusi Afrika-Amerika, dan beberapa Progresif mendukung segregasi dan pembatasan imigrasi.

Apa yang membuat para pembaharu menjadi Progresif adalah metode bersama, bukan daftar hukum bersama

Explore · ⁨Jelajahi⁩

Follow the Progressive method to its three targets · ⁨Ikuti metode Progresif hingga tiga targetnya⁩

What made reformers Progressives was a shared method — expertise and evidence — not a shared list of laws. · ⁨Yang membuat reformator menjadi Progresif adalah metode bersama — keahlian dan bukti — bukan daftar hukum yang sama.⁩

Vocabulary · ⁨Kosa kata⁩ Train · ⁨Latih⁩

English	Bahasa Indonesia
reform/rɪˈfɔːm/	reformasi
Mass mobilization/mæs ˌməʊbɪlaɪˈzeɪʃn/	Mobilisasi massal
women and minorities/ˈwɪmɪn ænd maɪˈnɒrɪtiz/	perempuan dan minoritas
interned/ɪnˈtɜːnd/	ditahan di kamp
Allied cooperation/ˈælaɪd kəʊˈɒpəreɪʃn/	Kerjasama Sekutu

7.5 7.6

World War I and Its Aftermath · ⁨Perang Dunia I dan Dampaknya⁩

Syllabus · ⁨Silabus⁩

English

7.5 World War I: Military and Diplomacy

Thematic Focus (WOR): America in the World — Diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military interactions between empires, nations, and peoples shape the development of America and America’s increasingly important role in the world.

Learning Objective Unit 7.F: Explain the causes and consequences of U.S. involvement in World War I.

KC-7.3.II.A After initial neutrality in World War I, the nation entered the conflict, departing from the U.S. foreign policy tradition of noninvolvement in European affairs, in response to Woodrow Wilson’s call for the defense of humanitarian and democratic principles.
KC-7.3.II.B Although the American Expeditionary Forces played a relatively limited role in combat, the United States’ entry helped to tip the balance of the conflict in favor of the Allies.
KC-7.3.II.C Despite Wilson’s deep involvement in postwar negotiations, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.5 Perang Dunia I: Militer dan Diplomasi

Fokus Tematik (WOR): Amerika di Dunia — Interaksi diplomatik, ekonomi, budaya, dan militer antara imperium, bangsa, dan rakyat membentuk perkembangan Amerika dan peran Amerika yang semakin penting di dunia.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.F: Jelaskan penyebab dan akibat keterlibatan AS dalam Perang Dunia I.

KC-7.3.II.A Setelah netralitas awal dalam Perang Dunia I, negara ini masuk ke dalam konflik tersebut, menyimpang dari tradisi kebijakan luar negeri AS yang tidak terlibat dalam urusan Eropa, sebagai respons terhadap seruan Woodrow Wilson untuk membela prinsip-prinsip kemanusiaan dan demokrasi.
KC-7.3.II.B Meskipun Pasukan Ekspedisi Amerika memainkan peran yang relatif terbatas dalam pertempuran, masuknya Amerika Serikat membantu memiringkan keseimbangan konflik demi Sekutu.
KC-7.3.II.C Meskipun Wilson sangat terlibat dalam negosiasi pasca-perang, Senat AS menolak meratifikasi Perjanjian Versailles atau bergabung dengan Liga Bangsa-Bangsa.

English

7.6 World War I: Home Front

Thematic Focus (MIG): Migration and Settlement — Push and pull factors shape immigration to and migration within America, and the demographic change as a result of these moves shapes the migrants, society, and the environment.

Learning Objective Unit 7.G: Explain the causes and effects of international and internal migration patterns over time.

KC-7.2.I.C Official restrictions on freedom of speech grew during World War I, as increased anxiety about radicalism led to a Red Scare and attacks on labor activism and immigrant culture.
KC-7.2.II.A.i Immigration from Europe reached its peak in the years before World War I. During World War I, nativist campaigns against some ethnic groups led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration, particularly from southern and eastern Europe, and increased barriers to Asian immigration.
KC-7.2.II.B.i The increased demand for war production and labor during World War I led many Americans to migrate to urban centers in search of economic opportunities.
KC-7.2.II.C In the Great Migration during and after World War I, African Americans escaping segregation, racial violence, and limited economic opportunity in the South moved to the North and West, where they found new opportunities but still encountered discrimination.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.6 Perang Dunia I: Front Rumah

Fokus Tematik (MIG): Migrasi dan Pemukiman — Faktor dorong dan tarik membentuk imigrasi ke dalam dan migrasi di dalam Amerika, dan perubahan demografis akibat perpindahan ini membentuk para migran, masyarakat, dan lingkungan.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.G: Jelaskan penyebab dan dampak pola migrasi internasional dan internal sepanjang waktu.

KC-7.2.I.C Pembatasan resmi terhadap kebebasan berekspresi meningkat selama Perang Dunia I, karena kecemasan yang meningkat mengenai radikalisme menyebabkan Kekacauan Merah (Red Scare) dan serangan terhadap aktivisme buruh serta budaya imigran.
KC-7.2.II.A.i Imigrasi dari Eropa mencapai puncaknya pada tahun-tahun sebelum Perang Dunia I. Selama Perang Dunia I, kampanye nativisme terhadap beberapa kelompok etnis mengarah pada pengesahan kuota yang membatasi imigrasi, terutama dari Eropa Selatan dan Timur, serta meningkatkan hambatan bagi imigrasi Asia.
KC-7.2.II.B.i Peningkatan permintaan untuk produksi perang dan tenaga kerja selama Perang Dunia I mendorong banyak orang Amerika untuk bermigrasi ke pusat-pusat perkotaan guna mencari peluang ekonomi.
KC-7.2.II.C Dalam Migrasi Besar (Great Migration) selama dan setelah Perang Dunia I, orang-orang Afrika-Amerika yang melarikan diri dari segregasi, kekerasan rasial, dan keterbatasan peluang ekonomi di bagian Selatan berpindah ke Utara dan Barat, di mana mereka menemukan peluang baru tetapi masih menghadapi diskriminasi.

Source: College Board AP Course and Exam Description · ⁨Sumber: Deskripsi Kursus dan Ujian College Board AP⁩

English

Entry into the First World War 第一次世界大战 mobilised the economy and expanded federal power, but it also intensified debates about the nation's role in the world and about civil liberties at home, where dissent was prosecuted.

The war triggered the Great Migration 大迁徙, as African Americans moved north for wartime industrial jobs, reshaping northern cities and politics.

Afterwards the United States pursued a unilateral foreign policy 单边外交政策 - rejecting the League of Nations while remaining economically engaged abroad.

Bahasa Indonesia

Partisipasi dalam Perang Dunia Pertama memobilisasi ekonomi dan memperluas kekuasaan federal, tetapi juga memperintenskan perdebatan tentang peran negara di dunia serta kebebasan sipil di dalam negeri, di mana disensi dituntut secara hukum.

Perang memicu Pembelian Besar, ketika orang Amerika Afrika berpindah ke utara untuk pekerjaan industri wartime, mengubah kota-kota utara dan politik.

Setelahnya, Amerika Serikat menerapkan kebijakan luar negeri unilateral - menolak Liga Bangsa-bangsa sambil tetap terlibat secara ekonomi di luar negeri.

7.7 7.8

The 1920s: Mass Culture and Backlash · ⁨1920-an: Budaya Massal dan Reaksi⁩

Syllabus · ⁨Silabus⁩

English

7.7 1920s: Innovations in Communication and Technology

Thematic Focus (WXT): Work, Exchange, and Technology — The interplay between markets, private enterprise, labor, technology, and government policy shape the American economy. In turn, economic activity shapes society and government policy and drives technological innovation.

Learning Objective Unit 7.H: Explain the causes and effects of the innovations in communication and technology in the United States over time.

KC-7.1.I.A New technologies and manufacturing techniques helped focus the U.S. economy on the production of consumer goods, contributing to improved standards of living, greater personal mobility, and better communications systems.
KC-7.2.I.A New forms of mass media, such as radio and cinema, contributed to the spread of national culture as well as greater awareness of regional cultures.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.7 1920-an: Inovasi dalam Komunikasi dan Teknologi

Fokus Tematik (WXT): Kerja, Penukaran, dan Teknologi — Interaksi antara pasar, usaha swasta, tenaga kerja, teknologi, dan kebijakan pemerintah membentuk ekonomi Amerika. Sebaliknya, aktivitas ekonomi membentuk masyarakat dan kebijakan pemerintah serta mendorong inovasi teknologi.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.H: Jelaskan penyebab dan dampak inovasi dalam komunikasi dan teknologi di Amerika Serikat sepanjang waktu.

KC-7.1.I.A Teknologi baru dan teknik manufaktur membantu fokus ekonomi AS pada produksi barang konsumsi, berkontribusi pada peningkatan standar hidup, mobilitas pribadi yang lebih besar, dan sistem komunikasi yang lebih baik.
KC-7.2.I.A Bentuk-bentuk baru media massa, seperti radio dan sinema, berkontribusi pada penyebaran budaya nasional serta kesadaran yang lebih besar terhadap budaya regional.

English

7.8 1920s: Cultural and Political Controversies

Thematic Focus (MIG): Migration and Settlement — Push and pull factors shape immigration to and migration within America, and the demographic change as a result of these moves shapes the migrants, society, and the environment.

Thematic Focus (ARC): American and Regional Culture — Creative expression, demographic change, philosophy, religious beliefs, scientific ideas, social mores, and technology shape national, regional, and group cultures in America, and these varying cultures often play a role in shaping government policy and developing economic systems.

Learning Objective Unit 7.G: Explain the causes and effects of international and internal migration patterns over time.

KC-7.1.I.B By 1920, a majority of the U.S. population lived in urban centers, which offered new economic opportunities for women, international migrants, and internal migrants.
KC-7.2.II.A.ii After World War I, nativist campaigns against some ethnic groups led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration, particularly from southern and eastern Europe, and increased barriers to Asian immigration.

Learning Objective Unit 7.I: Explain the causes and effects of developments in popular culture in the United States over time.

KC-7.2.I.B Migration gave rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed ethnic and regional identities, such as the Harlem Renaissance movement.
KC-7.2.I.D In the 1920s, cultural and political controversies emerged as Americans debated gender roles, modernism, science, religion, and issues related to race and immigration.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.8 1920-an: Kontroversi Budaya dan Politik

Fokus Tematik (MIG): Migrasi dan Pemukiman — Faktor dorong dan tarik membentuk imigrasi ke dalam dan migrasi di dalam Amerika, dan perubahan demografis akibat perpindahan ini membentuk para migran, masyarakat, dan lingkungan.

Fokus Tematik (ARC): Budaya Amerika dan Regional — Ekspresi kreatif, perubahan demografis, filsafat, keyakinan agama, gagasan ilmiah, norma sosial, dan teknologi membentuk budaya nasional, regional, dan kelompok di Amerika, dan berbagai budaya ini sering kali berperan dalam membentuk kebijakan pemerintah serta mengembangkan sistem ekonomi.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.G: Jelaskan penyebab dan dampak pola migrasi internasional dan internal sepanjang waktu.

KC-7.1.I.B Pada tahun 1920, mayoritas penduduk AS tinggal di pusat perkotaan, yang menawarkan peluang ekonomi baru bagi wanita, imigran internasional, dan migran internal.
KC-7.2.II.A.ii Setelah Perang Dunia I, kampanye nativisme terhadap beberapa kelompok etnis mengarah pada pengesahan kuota yang membatasi imigrasi, terutama dari Eropa Selatan dan Timur, serta meningkatkan hambatan bagi imigrasi Asia.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.I: Jelaskan penyebab dan dampak perkembangan dalam budaya populer di Amerika Serikat sepanjang waktu.

KC-7.2.I.B Migrasi melahirkan bentuk-bentuk seni dan sastra baru yang mengekspresikan identitas etnis dan regional, seperti gerakan Renaisans Harlem.
KC-7.2.I.D Pada dekade 1920, kontroversi budaya dan politik muncul ketika orang Amerika berdebat tentang peran gender, modernisme, sains, agama, dan isu-isu terkait ras dan imigrasi.

Source: College Board AP Course and Exam Description · ⁨Sumber: Deskripsi Kursus dan Ujian College Board AP⁩

English

Innovations in communication and technology - radio, film, mass-circulation magazines, and the automobile - contributed to the growth of mass culture 大众文化, which increasingly set national tastes.

The same decade produced sharp divisions 尖锐分歧 over what the country should be:

Immigration restriction 移民限制 through national-origins quotas.
Conflict over religion and science, and over prohibition 禁酒令.
A revived Ku Klux Klan 三K党 and organised nativism.
The Harlem Renaissance 哈莱姆文艺复兴 and the "New Woman" as assertions of new cultural identities.

Bahasa Indonesia

Inovasi dalam komunikasi dan teknologi - radio, film, majalah dengan perputaran tinggi, dan mobil - berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan budaya massal, yang semakin menetapkan selera nasional.

Dekade yang sama menghasilkan pembagian tajam mengenai apa yang seharusnya menjadi negara tersebut:

Pembatasan imigrasi melalui kuota asal-negara.
Konflik atas agama dan sains, serta atas larangan alkohol.
Ku Klux Klan yang bangkit kembali dan nativisme terorganisir.
Renaisans Harlem dan "Wanita Baru" sebagai ungkapan identitas budaya baru.

Satu dekade dengan dua wajah: budaya massal baru dan reaksi terhadapnya

Jalur perakitan Ford, 1923 - produksi massal adalah hal yang membuat budaya massal terjangkau

Vocabulary · ⁨Kosa kata⁩ Train · ⁨Latih⁩

English	Bahasa Indonesia
Ku Klux Klan/kuː klʌks klæn/	Ku Klux Klan
Harlem Renaissance/ˈhɑːləm rɪˈneɪsəns/	Renaisans Harlem
Great Depression/ɡreɪt dɪˈpreʃn/	Depresi Besar
Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal/ˈfræŋklɪn ˈrəʊzəvelts njuː diːl/	New Deal Franklin Roosevelt
relief/rɪˈliːf/	kelegaan
recovery/rɪˈkʌvəri/	pemulihan

7.9 7.10

Depression and the New Deal · ⁨Depresi dan New Deal⁩

Syllabus · ⁨Silabus⁩

English

7.9 The Great Depression

Thematic Focus (WXT): Work, Exchange, and Technology — The interplay between markets, private enterprise, labor, technology, and government policy shape the American economy. In turn, economic activity shapes society and government policy and drives technological innovation.

Learning Objective Unit 7.J: Explain the causes of the Great Depression and its effects on the economy.

KC-7.1.I The United States continued its transition from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial economy led by large companies.
KC-7.1.I.C Episodes of credit and market instability in the early 20th century, in particular the Great Depression, led to calls for a stronger financial regulatory system.
KC-7.1.III During the 1930s, policymakers responded to the mass unemployment and social upheavals of the Great Depression by transforming the U.S. into a limited welfare state, redefining the goals and ideas of modern American liberalism.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.9 Depresi Besar

Fokus Tematik (WXT): Kerja, Penukaran, dan Teknologi — Interaksi antara pasar, usaha swasta, tenaga kerja, teknologi, dan kebijakan pemerintah membentuk ekonomi Amerika. Sebaliknya, aktivitas ekonomi membentuk masyarakat dan kebijakan pemerintah serta mendorong inovasi teknologi.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.J: Jelaskan penyebab Depresi Besar dan dampaknya terhadap ekonomi.

KC-7.1.I Amerika Serikat melanjutkan transisinya dari ekonomi pedesaan-agraris menjadi ekonomi perkotaan-industri yang dipimpin oleh perusahaan-perusahaan besar.
KC-7.1.I.C Episode ketidakstabilan kredit dan pasar pada awal abad ke-20, khususnya Depresi Besar, memicu seruan untuk sistem regulasi keuangan yang lebih kuat.
KC-7.1.III Selama dekade 1930, pembuat kebijakan merespons penganggaran massal dan kekacauan sosial akibat Depresi Besar dengan mengubah AS menjadi negara kesejahteraan terbatas, mendefinisikan ulang tujuan dan gagasan liberalisme Amerika modern.

English

7.10 The New Deal

Thematic Focus (PCE): Politics and Power — Debates fostered by social and political groups about the role of government in American social, political, and economic life shape government policy, institutions, political parties, and the rights of citizens.

Learning Objective Unit 7.K: Explain how the Great Depression and the New Deal impacted American political, social, and economic life over time.

KC-7.1.III.A Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal attempted to end the Great Depression by using government power to provide relief to the poor, stimulate recovery, and reform the American economy.
KC-7.1.III.B Radical, union, and populist movements pushed Roosevelt toward more extensive efforts to change the American economic system, while conservatives in Congress and the Supreme Court sought to limit the New Deal’s scope.
KC-7.1.III.C Although the New Deal did not end the Depression, it left a legacy of reforms and regulatory agencies and fostered a long-term political realignment in which many ethnic groups, African Americans, and working-class communities identified with the Democratic Party.
KC-7.2.II.B.ii The increased demand for war production and labor during World War II and the economic difficulties of the 1930s led many Americans to migrate to urban centers in search of economic opportunities.

Bahasa Indonesia

7.10 New Deal

Fokus Tematik (PCE): Politik dan Kekuasaan — Perdebatan yang dipicu oleh kelompok sosial dan politik tentang peran pemerintah dalam kehidupan sosial, politik, dan ekonomi Amerika membentuk kebijakan pemerintah, institusi, partai politik, dan hak-hak warga negara.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.K: Jelaskan bagaimana Depresi Besar dan New Deal berdampak pada kehidupan politik, sosial, dan ekonomi Amerika dari waktu ke waktu.

KC-7.1.III.A New Deal Franklin Roosevelt berusaha mengakhiri Depresi Besar dengan menggunakan kekuasaan pemerintah untuk memberikan bantuan kepada kaum miskin, merangsang pemulihan, dan mereformasi ekonomi Amerika.
KC-7.1.III.B Gerakan radikal, serikat pekerja, dan gerakan populist mendorong Roosevelt untuk melakukan upaya lebih luas dalam mengubah sistem ekonomi Amerika, sementara para konservatif di Kongres dan Mahkamah Agung berupaya membatasi jangkauan New Deal.
KC-7.1.III.C Meskipun New Deal tidak mengakhiri Depresi, program ini meninggalkan warisan reformasi dan lembaga pengatur, serta mendorong pergeseran politik jangka panjang di mana banyak kelompok etnis, orang kulit hitam, dan komunitas kelas pekerja mengidentifikasi diri dengan Partai Demokrat.
KC-7.2.II.B.ii Peningkatan permintaan terhadap produksi perang dan tenaga kerja selama Perang Dunia II serta kesulitan ekonomi pada tahun 1930-an membuat banyak orang Amerika bermigrasi ke pusat-pusat perkotaan demi mencari peluang ekonomi.

Source: College Board AP Course and Exam Description · ⁨Sumber: Deskripsi Kursus dan Ujian College Board AP⁩

English

The Great Depression 大萧条 brought mass unemployment and social dislocation, and policymakers responded by expanding the federal role in the economy.

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal 罗斯福新政 attempted to end the Depression through relief 救济, recovery 复苏, and reform 改革. Radical, union, and populist movements pushed Roosevelt toward more extensive measures - which is why the "Second New Deal" is more ambitious than the first.

The verdict the CED states plainly: the New Deal did not end the Depression, but it left a lasting legacy of reform - Social Security, federal deposit insurance, labour rights, and the expectation that government is responsible for economic security.

Bahasa Indonesia

New Deal dikelompokkan berdasarkan tujuan: bantuan segera, pemulihan ekonomi, reformasi agar tidak terjadi lagi — Mengelompokkan program-program New Deal berdasarkan tujuan - bantuan, pemulihan, reformasi - adalah yang mengubah daftar menjadi argumen

Depresi Besar membawa pengangguran massal dan gangguan sosial, dan pembuat kebijakan merespons dengan memperluas peran federal dalam ekonomi.

New Deal Franklin Roosevelt berusaha mengakhiri Depresi melalui bantuan, pemulihan, dan reformasi. Gerakan radikal, serikat, dan populist mendorong Roosevelt menuju langkah-langkah yang lebih luas - itulah sebabnya "New Deal Kedua" lebih ambisius daripada yang pertama.

Hakim yang dinyatakan CED secara tegas: New Deal tidak mengakhiri Depresi, tetapi meninggalkan warisan reformasi yang lasting - Jaminan Sosial, asuransi deposit federal, hak-hak buruh, dan ekspektasi bahwa pemerintah bertanggung jawab atas keamanan ekonomi.

Bubuk Debu di gagang Texas, 1936 - sisi lingkungan dari Depresi

Explore · ⁨Jelajahi⁩

Sort each New Deal measure by its purpose · ⁨Urutkan setiap langkah New Deal berdasarkan tujuannya⁩

Relief, recovery and reform answer different questions, and only reform was meant to outlast the crisis. · ⁨Relief, pemulihan, dan reformasi menjawab pertanyaan berbeda, dan hanya reformasi dimaksudkan bertahan melewati krisis.⁩

7.11 7.12 7.13

The Second World War · ⁨Perang Dunia Kedua⁩

Syllabus · ⁨Silabus⁩

English

7.11 Interwar Foreign Policy

Thematic Focus (WOR): America in the World — Diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military interactions between empires, nations, and peoples shape the development of America and America’s increasingly important role in the world.

Learning Objective Unit 7.B: Explain the similarities and differences in attitudes about the nation’s proper role in the world.

KC-7.3.II.D In the years following World War I, the United States pursued a unilateral foreign policy that used international investment, peace treaties, and select military intervention to promote a vision of international order, even while maintaining U.S. isolationism.
KC-7.3.II.E In the 1930s, while many Americans were concerned about the rise of fascism and totalitarianism, most opposed taking military action against the aggression of Nazi Germany and Japan until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor drew the United States into World War II.

Bahasa Indonesia

Kebijakan Luar Negeri Antarperang 7.11

Fokus Tematik (WOR): Amerika di Dunia — Interaksi diplomatik, ekonomi, budaya, dan militer antara imperium, bangsa, dan rakyat membentuk perkembangan Amerika dan peran Amerika yang semakin penting di dunia.

Tujuan Pembelajaran Unit 7.B: Jelaskan persamaan dan perbedaan sikap mengenai peran yang tepat negara dalam dunia internasional.

KC-7.3.II.D Pada tahun-tahun setelah Perang Dunia I, Amerika Serikat menerapkan kebijakan luar negeri unilateral yang menggunakan investasi internasional, perjanjian damai, dan intervensi militer terbatas untuk mempromosikan visi tatanan internasional, sambil tetap mempertahankan isolasionisme AS.
KC-7.3.II.E Pada dekade 1930-an, meskipun banyak orang Amerika khawatir akan naiknya fasisme dan totaliterisme, sebagian besar menolak mengambil tindakan militer terhadap agresi Nazi Jerman dan Jepang hingga serangan Jepang terhadap Pearl Harbor menarik Amerika Serikat masuk ke dalam Perang Dunia II.

7.12 World War II: Mobilization

Thematic Focus	Learning Objective	Historical Developments
SOC Social Structures — Social categories, roles, and practices are created, maintained, challenged, and transformed throughout American history, shaping government policy, economic systems, culture, and the lives of citizens.	Unit 7.L Explain how and why U.S. participation in World War II transformed American society.	KC-7.3.III.B The mass mobilization of American society helped end the Great Depression, and the country’s strong industrial base played a pivotal role in winning the war by equipping and provisioning allies and millions of U.S. troops. KC-7.3.III.C.i Mobilization provided opportunities for women and minorities to improve their socioeconomic positions for the war’s duration, while also leading to debates over racial segregation. Wartime experiences also generated challenges to civil liberties, such as the internment of Japanese Americans. KC-7.2.II.D Migration to the United States from Mexico and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere increased, in spite of contradictory government policies toward Mexican immigration.

7.13 World War II: Military

Thematic Focus	Learning Objective	Historical Developments
WOR America in the World — Diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military interactions between empires, nations, and peoples shape the development of America and America’s increasingly important role in the world.	Unit 7.M Explain the causes and effects of the victory of the United States and its allies over the Axis powers.	KC-7.3.III.A Americans viewed the war as a fight for the survival of freedom and democracy against fascist and militarist ideologies. This perspective was later reinforced by revelations about Japanese wartime atrocities, Nazi concentration camps, and the Holocaust. KC-7.3.III.C.ii Military service provided opportunities for women and minorities to improve their socioeconomic positions for the war’s duration, while also leading to debates over racial segregation. KC-7.3.III.D The United States and its allies achieved military victory through Allied cooperation, technological and scientific advances, the contributions of servicemen and women, and campaigns such as Pacific “island-hopping” and the D-Day invasion. The use of atomic bombs hastened the end of the war and sparked debates about the morality of using atomic weapons.

Source: College Board AP Course and Exam Description · ⁨Sumber: Deskripsi Kursus dan Ujian College Board AP⁩

English

Americans viewed the war as a fight for the survival of freedom and democracy against fascist aggression.

Mass mobilization 全面动员 helped end the Great Depression, and it changed society:

Mobilisation and military service provided opportunities for women and minorities 妇女与少数族裔 to improve their status, though within continued segregation and discrimination.
Migration from Mexico and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere increased to meet labour demand.
Japanese Americans were forcibly interned 拘禁, the period's clearest case of wartime rights denied.

Victory came through Allied cooperation 盟国合作, industrial capacity, and technological advantage, ending with the use of atomic weapons against Japan.

Bahasa Indonesia

Orang Amerika memandang perang sebagai perjuangan untuk kelangsungan hidup kebebasan dan demokrasi melawan agresi fasis.

Mobilisasi massal membantu mengakhiri Depresi Besar, dan mengubah masyarakat:

Mobilisasi dan layanan militer menyediakan peluang bagi wanita dan minoritas untuk meningkatkan status mereka, meskipun dalam segregasi dan diskriminasi yang berkelanjutan.
Migrasi dari Meksiko dan daerah lain di Belahan Barat meningkat untuk memenuhi permintaan tenaga kerja.
Orang Amerika Jepang dipaksa ditempatkan, kasus paling jelas penyangkalan hak selama wartime pada periode tersebut.

Kemenangan datang melalui kerjasama Sekutu, kapasitas industri, dan keunggulan teknologi, berakhir dengan penggunaan senjata atom terhadap Jepang.

7.14

Postwar Diplomacy · ⁨Diplomasi Pasca-perang⁩

Syllabus · ⁨Silabus⁩

7.14 Postwar Diplomacy

Thematic Focus	Learning Objective	Historical Developments
WOR America in the World — Diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military interactions between empires, nations, and peoples shape the development of America and America’s increasingly important role in the world.	Unit 7.N Explain the consequences of U.S. involvement in World War II.	KC-7.3.III.E The war-ravaged condition of Asia and Europe, and the dominant U.S. role in the Allied victory and postwar peace settlements, allowed the United States to emerge from the war as the most powerful nation on Earth.

Source: College Board AP Course and Exam Description · ⁨Sumber: Deskripsi Kursus dan Ujian College Board AP⁩

English

The war-ravaged condition of Asia and Europe, and the dominant U.S. role in the Allied victory and in the occupations that followed, left the United States as the strongest power in the world - and set up the confrontation with the Soviet Union that Period 8 begins with.

Bahasa Indonesia

Keadaan Asia dan Eropa yang hancur oleh perang, serta peran dominan AS dalam kemenangan Sekutu dan pendudukan yang mengikuti, meninggalkan Amerika Serikat sebagai kekuatan terkuat di dunia - dan menyiapkan konfrontasi dengan Uni Soviet yang dimulai Period 8.

7.15

Comparison in Period 7 · ⁨Perbandingan di Period 7⁩

Syllabus · ⁨Silabus⁩

7.15 Comparison in Period 7

Learning Objective	Review: Unit 7 Key Concepts
Unit 7.O Compare the relative significance of the major events of the first half of the 20th century in shaping American identity.	KC-7.1 Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system. KC-7.1.I The United States continued its transition from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial economy led by large companies. KC-7.1.II In the Progressive Era of the early 20th century, Progressives responded to political corruption, economic instability, and social concerns by calling for greater government action and other political and social measures. KC-7.1.III During the 1930s, policymakers responded to the mass unemployment and social upheavals of the Great Depression by transforming the U.S. into a limited welfare state, redefining the goals and ideas of modern American liberalism. KC-7.2 Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns. KC-7.2.I Popular culture grew in influence in U.S. society, even as debates increased over the effects of culture on public values, morals, and American national identity. KC-7.2.II Economic pressures, global events, and political developments caused sharp variations in the numbers, sources, and experiences of both international and internal migrants. KC-7.3 Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world. KC-7.3.I In the late 19th century and early 20th century, new U.S. territorial ambitions and acquisitions in the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific accompanied heightened public debates over America’s role in the world. KC-7.3.II World War I and its aftermath intensified ongoing debates about the nation’s role in the world and how best to achieve national security and pursue American interests. KC-7.3.III U.S. participation in World War II transformed American society, while the victory of the United States and its allies over the Axis powers vaulted the U.S. into a position of global, political, and military leadership.

Learning Objective

Review: Unit 7 Key Concepts

Unit 7.O
Compare the relative significance of the major events of the first half of the 20th century in shaping American identity.

KC-7.1 Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.
- KC-7.1.I The United States continued its transition from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial economy led by large companies.
- KC-7.1.II In the Progressive Era of the early 20th century, Progressives responded to political corruption, economic instability, and social concerns by calling for greater government action and other political and social measures.
- KC-7.1.III During the 1930s, policymakers responded to the mass unemployment and social upheavals of the Great Depression by transforming the U.S. into a limited welfare state, redefining the goals and ideas of modern American liberalism.
KC-7.2 Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns.
- KC-7.2.I Popular culture grew in influence in U.S. society, even as debates increased over the effects of culture on public values, morals, and American national identity.
- KC-7.2.II Economic pressures, global events, and political developments caused sharp variations in the numbers, sources, and experiences of both international and internal migrants.
KC-7.3 Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.
- KC-7.3.I In the late 19th century and early 20th century, new U.S. territorial ambitions and acquisitions in the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific accompanied heightened public debates over America’s role in the world.
- KC-7.3.II World War I and its aftermath intensified ongoing debates about the nation’s role in the world and how best to achieve national security and pursue American interests.
- KC-7.3.III U.S. participation in World War II transformed American society, while the victory of the United States and its allies over the Axis powers vaulted the U.S. into a position of global, political, and military leadership.

Source: College Board AP Course and Exam Description · ⁨Sumber: Deskripsi Kursus dan Ujian College Board AP⁩

English

The period's reasoning skill is comparison. The most useful pairing is Progressive-era reform against the New Deal: both expanded federal power, but the New Deal did so on a far larger scale and in response to collapse rather than to growth.

Worked example (a real AP exam question). The 2024 exam set the long essay "Evaluate the extent to which beliefs about threats to the United States shaped society from 1917 to 1945." A strong thesis names the beliefs and what they produced: "Beliefs about internal and external threats shaped American society to a great extent between 1917 and 1945, producing wartime restrictions on dissent, immigration quotas in the 1920s, and the internment of Japanese Americans, even as the same fears mobilised broad support for federal power." Notice the shape: the prompt is about beliefs, so the evidence must be things beliefs caused - policies and social changes - not simply a narrative of the wars.

Bahasa Indonesia

Keterampilan berpikir periode ini adalah perbandingan. Pasangan yang paling berguna adalah reforma era Progresif berbanding New Deal: keduanya memperluas kekuasaan federal, tetapi New Deal melakukannya dalam skala jauh lebih besar dan sebagai respons terhadap keruntuhan alih-alih pertumbuhan.

Contoh kerja (soal ujian AP nyata). Ujian 2024 menetapkan esai panjang "Evaluasikan sejauh mana keyakinan tentang ancaman terhadap Amerika Serikat membentuk masyarakat dari 1917 hingga 1945." Tesis yang kuat menyebutkan keyakinan dan apa yang dihasilkannya: "Keyakinan tentang ancaman internal dan eksternal membentuk masyarakat Amerika dalam tingkat yang besar antara 1917 dan 1945, menghasilkan pembatasan wartime terhadap disensi, kuota imigrasi di 1920-an, dan penempatan orang Amerika Jepang, bahkan saat ketakutan yang sama memobilisasi dukungan luas untuk kekuasaan federal." Perhatikan bentuknya: prompt tentang keyakinan, jadi bukti harus berupa hal-hal yang keyakinan menyebabkan - kebijakan dan perubahan sosial - bukan sekadar narasi perang.

7.15

Exam tips · ⁨Tips ujian⁩

English

Give both sides of the imperialism debate; a one-sided answer misses the point of the question.
Progressivism is a method - expertise, then government action, then political reform. Its exclusion of African Americans is examinable.
Sort New Deal programmes by relief, recovery, reform. That structure converts a list into an argument.
State the CED's verdict directly: the New Deal did not end the Depression but left a permanent legacy.
Wartime opportunity for women and minorities was real and limited. Saying both is what earns complexity.
For 1917-1945 prompts about fear or threat, use civil liberties, immigration quotas, and internment as your evidence.

Bahasa Indonesia

Berikan kedua sisi dari debat imperialisme; jawaban satu sisi melewatkan inti pertanyaan.
Progresivisme adalah sebuah metode - keahlian, kemudian tindakan pemerintah, lalu reformasi politik. Eksklusi orang Amerika Afrika dapat diujikan.
Urutkan program New Deal berdasarkan bantuan, pemulihan, reformasi. Struktur ini mengubah daftar menjadi argumen.
Nyatakan verdict CED secara langsung: New Deal tidak mengakhiri Depresi tetapi meninggalkan warisan permanen.
Peluang wartime bagi wanita dan minoritas itu nyata dan terbatas. Mengatakan keduanya adalah yang mendapatkan kompleksitas.
Untuk prompt 1917-1945 tentang ketakutan atau ancaman, gunakan kebebasan sipil, kuota imigrasi, dan penempatan sebagai bukti Anda.

Imperialism and the Spanish-American War · ⁨Imperialisme dan Perang Spanyol-Amerika⁩

7.1 Contextualizing Period 7

7.1 Mengkontekstualisasikan Periode 7

7.2 Imperialism: Debates

7.2 Imperialisme: Perdebatan

7.3 The Spanish–American War

7.3 Perang Spanyol-Amerika

The Progressive Era · ⁨Era Progresif⁩

7.4 The Progressives

7.4 Para Progresif

Follow the Progressive method to its three targets · ⁨Ikuti metode Progresif hingga tiga targetnya⁩

World War I and Its Aftermath · ⁨Perang Dunia I dan Dampaknya⁩

7.5 World War I: Military and Diplomacy

7.5 Perang Dunia I: Militer dan Diplomasi

7.6 World War I: Home Front

7.6 Perang Dunia I: Front Rumah

The 1920s: Mass Culture and Backlash · ⁨1920-an: Budaya Massal dan Reaksi⁩

7.7 1920s: Innovations in Communication and Technology

7.7 1920-an: Inovasi dalam Komunikasi dan Teknologi

7.8 1920s: Cultural and Political Controversies

7.8 1920-an: Kontroversi Budaya dan Politik

Depression and the New Deal · ⁨Depresi dan New Deal⁩

7.9 The Great Depression

7.9 Depresi Besar

7.10 The New Deal

7.10 New Deal

Sort each New Deal measure by its purpose · ⁨Urutkan setiap langkah New Deal berdasarkan tujuannya⁩

The Second World War · ⁨Perang Dunia Kedua⁩

7.11 Interwar Foreign Policy

Kebijakan Luar Negeri Antarperang 7.11

7.12 World War II: Mobilization

7.13 World War II: Military

Postwar Diplomacy · ⁨Diplomasi Pasca-perang⁩

7.14 Postwar Diplomacy

Comparison in Period 7 · ⁨Perbandingan di Period 7⁩

7.15 Comparison in Period 7

Exam tips · ⁨Tips ujian⁩

Interactive lessons on this topic · ⁨Pelajaran interaktif untuk topik ini⁩

More topics in AP United States History · ⁨AP Sejarah Amerika Serikat⁩ · ⁨Topik lain dalam AP United States History · ⁨AP Sejarah Amerika Serikat⁩⁩