Progressives, and Their Divisions
Journalists and reformers
- Some Progressive Era journalists attacked what they saw as political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality, while reformers, often from the middle and upper classes and including many women, worked to effect social changes in cities and among immigrant populations.
- What they saw as is careful — the CED reports the journalists' diagnosis rather than confirming it.
- And the reformers are placed socially: middle and upper classes, including many women — 6.10's new middle class supplying the personnel.
Select all three national aims the CED names.
The third is why prohibition is a Progressive measure.
Divided on four issues
- The Progressives were divided over many issues. Some supported Southern segregation, while others ignored its presence.
- Some advocated expanding popular participation in government, while others called for greater reliance on professional and technical experts.
- Progressives also disagreed about immigration restriction. So "Progressive" names a period and a temperament, not a programme.
Select all the divisions the CED names among Progressives.
So 'Progressive' is a period and a temperament, not a programme.
What they sought nationally
- On the national level, Progressives sought federal legislation that they believed would effectively regulate the economy, expand democracy, and generate moral reform.
- Three aims, and the third — moral reform — is what makes prohibition a Progressive measure.
- Progressive amendments to the Constitution dealt with issues such as prohibition and women's suffrage, which are exactly a moral aim and a democratic one.
A method, a division, or a national aim?
Sort each element of Progressive reform.
'What they saw as' shows the CED is...
A careful register, worth reproducing.
"Progressive" names a period and a temperament, not a programme. The CED itself says they were divided over many issues — some supported Southern segregation, some ignored its presence, they split over participation versus expert administration, and they disagreed about immigration restriction.
Select both halves of the preservationist-conservationist sentence.
Agreement on parks, disagreement on use.
Preservationists and conservationists
- Preservationists and conservationists both supported the establishment of national parks while advocating different government responses to the overuse of natural resources.
- Both and different in one sentence: agreement on parks, disagreement on use.
- That is the same shape as the Progressive divisions above, which is why the CED attaches this objective to 7.4.
6.10's new ____ class supplied the reformers' personnel.
The CED places reformers in the middle and upper classes.
Comparing goals and effects
- The objective is to compare the goals and effects of the Progressive reform movement — comparison, so pick a basis.
- The best basis is the CED's own list of divisions: segregation, participation versus expertise, immigration.
- Effects: federal legislation, constitutional amendments, national parks — and a movement that could not agree on whom reform was for.
Two reformers can both want cleaner government and mean opposite things: one wants more people voting on it, the other wants fewer people deciding it and more of them trained. Neither is being dishonest.
Some Progressive Era journalists attacked what they saw as political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality, while reformers, often from the middle and upper classes and including many women, worked to effect social changes in cities and among immigrant populations. The Progressives were divided over many issues — segregation, expanding popular participation versus reliance on professional and technical experts, and immigration restriction. Nationally they sought legislation to regulate the economy, expand democracy, and generate moral reform, with amendments... such as prohibition and women's suffrage; and preservationists and conservationists both supported... national parks while advocating different government responses to the overuse of natural resources.