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AP Environmental Science
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- Revision Sheet
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- Scheme of Work
- Exam Technique
- Command Words — A3 poster
- Lesson Plans — one page per topic
- Class Mark Book
1. The Living World: Ecosystems 34 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
2. The Living World: Biodiversity 26 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
3. Populations 30 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
4. Earth Systems and Resources 30 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
5. Land and Water Use 55 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
- 5.1 The Tragedy of the Commons
- 5.2 Clearcutting
- 5.3 The Green Revolution
- 5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
- 5.5 Irrigation Methods
- 5.6 Pest Control Methods
- 5.7 Meat Production Methods
- 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
- 5.9 Impacts of Mining
- 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
- 5.11 Ecological Footprints
- 5.12 Introduction to Sustainability
- 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
- 5.14 Integrated Pest Management
- 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture
- 5.16 Aquaculture
- 5.17 Sustainable Forestry
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
- 5.1 The Tragedy of the Commons
- 5.2 Clearcutting
- 5.3 The Green Revolution
- 5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
- 5.5 Irrigation Methods
- 5.6 Pest Control Methods
- 5.7 Meat Production Methods
- 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
- 5.9 Impacts of Mining
- 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
- 5.11 Ecological Footprints
- 5.12 Introduction to Sustainability
- 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
- 5.14 Integrated Pest Management
- 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture
- 5.16 Aquaculture
- 5.17 Sustainable Forestry
Past Paper Questions
- 5.1 The Tragedy of the Commons
- 5.2 Clearcutting
- 5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
- 5.5 Irrigation Methods
- 5.6 Pest Control Methods
- 5.7 Meat Production Methods
- 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
- 5.9 Impacts of Mining
- 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
- 5.11 Ecological Footprints
- 5.12 Introduction to Sustainability
- 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
- 5.14 Integrated Pest Management
- 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture
- 5.16 Aquaculture
- 5.17 Sustainable Forestry
Unit Tests
6. Energy Resources and Consumption 43 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
- 6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
- 6.2 Global Energy Consumption
- 6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
- 6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
- 6.5 Fossil Fuels
- 6.6 Nuclear Power
- 6.7 Energy from Biomass
- 6.8 Solar Energy
- 6.9 Hydroelectric Power
- 6.10 Geothermal Energy
- 6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
- 6.12 Wind Energy
- 6.13 Energy Conservation
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
- 6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
- 6.2 Global Energy Consumption
- 6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
- 6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
- 6.5 Fossil Fuels
- 6.6 Nuclear Power
- 6.7 Energy from Biomass
- 6.8 Solar Energy
- 6.9 Hydroelectric Power
- 6.10 Geothermal Energy
- 6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
- 6.12 Wind Energy
- 6.13 Energy Conservation
Past Paper Questions
- 6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
- 6.2 Global Energy Consumption
- 6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
- 6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
- 6.5 Fossil Fuels
- 6.6 Nuclear Power
- 6.7 Energy from Biomass
- 6.8 Solar Energy
- 6.9 Hydroelectric Power
- 6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
- 6.12 Wind Energy
- 6.13 Energy Conservation
Unit Tests
7. Atmospheric Pollution 28 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
8. Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution 48 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
- 8.1 Sources of Pollution
- 8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- 8.3 Endocrine Disruptors
- 8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
- 8.5 Eutrophication
- 8.6 Thermal Pollution
- 8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- 8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
- 8.9 Solid Waste Disposal
- 8.10 Waste Reduction Methods
- 8.11 Sewage Treatment
- 8.12 Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
- 8.13 Dose Response Curve
- 8.14 Pollution and Human Health
- 8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
- 8.1 Sources of Pollution
- 8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- 8.3 Endocrine Disruptors
- 8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
- 8.5 Eutrophication
- 8.6 Thermal Pollution
- 8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- 8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
- 8.9 Solid Waste Disposal
- 8.10 Waste Reduction Methods
- 8.11 Sewage Treatment
- 8.12 Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
- 8.13 Dose Response Curve
- 8.14 Pollution and Human Health
- 8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
Past Paper Questions
- 8.1 Sources of Pollution
- 8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- 8.3 Endocrine Disruptors
- 8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
- 8.5 Eutrophication
- 8.6 Thermal Pollution
- 8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- 8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
- 8.9 Solid Waste Disposal
- 8.10 Waste Reduction Methods
- 8.11 Sewage Treatment
- 8.14 Pollution and Human Health
- 8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
Unit Tests
9. Global Change 32 files
Handouts
Presentation slides
Exercise walk-through slides
Vocabulary
Topic Quizzes
Exercise sheets
Past Paper Questions
Unit Tests
2026 1 files
- 2026 Questions
2017 1 files
- 2017 Questions
2015 1 files
- 2015 Questions
2014 1 files
- 2014 Questions
- AP Environmental Science — Question index
- 1.2 Terrestrial Biomes
- 1.4 The Carbon Cycle
- 1.5 The Nitrogen Cycle
- 1.6 The Phosphorus Cycle
- 1.9 Trophic Levels
- 1.10 Energy Flow and the 10% Rule
- 1.11 Food Chains and Food Webs
- 2.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
- 2.2 Ecosystem Services
- 2.3 Island Biogeography
- 2.4 Ecological Tolerance
- 2.5 Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems
- 2.6 Adaptations
- 2.7 Ecological Succession
- 3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species
- 3.2 K-Selected and r-Selected Species
- 3.3 Survivorship Curves
- 3.4 Carrying Capacity
- 3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability
- 3.7 Total Fertility Rate
- 3.8 Human Population Dynamics
- 4.1 Plate Tectonics
- 4.2 Soil Formation and Erosion
- 4.3 Soil Composition and Properties
- 4.6 Watersheds
- 4.7 Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons
- 4.8 Earth's Geography and Climate
- 4.9 El Nino and La Nina
- 5.1 The Tragedy of the Commons
- 5.2 Clearcutting
- 5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
- 5.5 Irrigation Methods
- 5.6 Pest Control Methods
- 5.7 Meat Production Methods
- 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
- 5.9 Impacts of Mining
- 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
- 5.11 Ecological Footprints
- 5.12 Introduction to Sustainability
- 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
- 5.14 Integrated Pest Management
- 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture
- 5.16 Aquaculture
- 5.17 Sustainable Forestry
- 6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
- 6.2 Global Energy Consumption
- 6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
- 6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
- 6.5 Fossil Fuels
- 6.6 Nuclear Power
- 6.7 Energy from Biomass
- 6.8 Solar Energy
- 6.9 Hydroelectric Power
- 6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
- 6.12 Wind Energy
- 6.13 Energy Conservation
- 7.1 Introduction to Air Pollution
- 7.2 Photochemical Smog
- 7.4 Atmospheric CO2 and Particulates
- 7.5 Indoor Air Pollutants
- 7.6 Reduction of Air Pollutants
- 7.7 Acid Rain
- 7.8 Noise Pollution
- 8.1 Sources of Pollution
- 8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- 8.3 Endocrine Disruptors
- 8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
- 8.5 Eutrophication
- 8.6 Thermal Pollution
- 8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- 8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
- 8.9 Solid Waste Disposal
- 8.10 Waste Reduction Methods
- 8.11 Sewage Treatment
- 8.14 Pollution and Human Health
- 8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
- 9.4 Increases in the Greenhouse Gases
- 9.5 Global Climate Change
- 9.6 Ocean Warming
- 9.7 Ocean Acidification
- 9.8 Invasive Species
- 9.9 Endangered Species
- 9.10 Human Impacts on Biodiversity
Topic quizzes
- 1. The Living World: Ecosystems
- 2. The Living World: Biodiversity
- 3. Populations
- 4. Earth Systems and Resources
- 5. Land and Water Use
- 6. Energy Resources and Consumption
- 7. Atmospheric Pollution
- 8. Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
- 9. Global Change
Unit tests
- 1. The Living World: Ecosystems
- 2. The Living World: Biodiversity
- 3. Populations
- 4. Earth Systems and Resources
- 5. Land and Water Use
- 6. Energy Resources and Consumption
- 7. Atmospheric Pollution
- 8. Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
- 9. Global Change
Mock papers
Course companion
Glossary
Topic handouts
- 1.1 Introduction to Ecosystems
- 1.2 Terrestrial Biomes
- 1.3 Aquatic Biomes
- 1.4 The Carbon Cycle
- 1.5 The Nitrogen Cycle
- 1.6 The Phosphorus Cycle
- 1.7 The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
- 1.8 Primary Productivity
- 1.9 Trophic Levels
- 1.10 Energy Flow and the 10% Rule
- 1.11 Food Chains and Food Webs
- 2.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
- 2.2 Ecosystem Services
- 2.3 Island Biogeography
- 2.4 Ecological Tolerance
- 2.5 Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems
- 2.6 Adaptations
- 2.7 Ecological Succession
- 3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species
- 3.2 K-Selected and r-Selected Species
- 3.3 Survivorship Curves
- 3.4 Carrying Capacity
- 3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability
- 3.6 Age Structure Diagrams
- 3.7 Total Fertility Rate
- 3.8 Human Population Dynamics
- 3.9 Demographic Transition
- 4.1 Plate Tectonics
- 4.2 Soil Formation and Erosion
- 4.3 Soil Composition and Properties
- 4.4 Earth's Atmosphere
- 4.5 Global Wind Patterns
- 4.6 Watersheds
- 4.7 Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons
- 4.8 Earth's Geography and Climate
- 4.9 El Nino and La Nina
- 5.1 The Tragedy of the Commons
- 5.2 Clearcutting
- 5.3 The Green Revolution
- 5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
- 5.5 Irrigation Methods
- 5.6 Pest Control Methods
- 5.7 Meat Production Methods
- 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
- 5.9 Impacts of Mining
- 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
- 5.11 Ecological Footprints
- 5.12 Introduction to Sustainability
- 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
- 5.14 Integrated Pest Management
- 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture
- 5.16 Aquaculture
- 5.17 Sustainable Forestry
- 6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
- 6.2 Global Energy Consumption
- 6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
- 6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
- 6.5 Fossil Fuels
- 6.6 Nuclear Power
- 6.7 Energy from Biomass
- 6.8 Solar Energy
- 6.9 Hydroelectric Power
- 6.10 Geothermal Energy
- 6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
- 6.12 Wind Energy
- 6.13 Energy Conservation
- 7.1 Introduction to Air Pollution
- 7.2 Photochemical Smog
- 7.3 Thermal Inversion
- 7.4 Atmospheric CO2 and Particulates
- 7.5 Indoor Air Pollutants
- 7.6 Reduction of Air Pollutants
- 7.7 Acid Rain
- 7.8 Noise Pollution
- 8.1 Sources of Pollution
- 8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- 8.3 Endocrine Disruptors
- 8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
- 8.5 Eutrophication
- 8.6 Thermal Pollution
- 8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- 8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
- 8.9 Solid Waste Disposal
- 8.10 Waste Reduction Methods
- 8.11 Sewage Treatment
- 8.12 Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
- 8.13 Dose Response Curve
- 8.14 Pollution and Human Health
- 8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
- 9.1 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
- 9.2 Reducing Ozone Depletion
- 9.3 The Greenhouse Effect
- 9.4 Increases in the Greenhouse Gases
- 9.5 Global Climate Change
- 9.6 Ocean Warming
- 9.7 Ocean Acidification
- 9.8 Invasive Species
- 9.9 Endangered Species
- 9.10 Human Impacts on Biodiversity
Lesson slides
- 1. The Living World: Ecosystems
- 2. The Living World: Biodiversity
- 3. Populations
- 4. Earth Systems and Resources
- 5. Land and Water Use
- 6. Energy Resources and Consumption
- 7. Atmospheric Pollution
- 8. Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
- 9. Global Change
Lesson slides
- 1.1 Introduction to Ecosystems
- 1.2 Terrestrial Biomes
- 1.3 Aquatic Biomes
- 1.4 The Carbon Cycle
- 1.5 The Nitrogen Cycle
- 1.6 The Phosphorus Cycle
- 1.7 The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
- 1.8 Primary Productivity
- 1.9 Trophic Levels
- 1.10 Energy Flow and the 10% Rule
- 1.11 Food Chains and Food Webs
- 2.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
- 2.2 Ecosystem Services
- 2.3 Island Biogeography
- 2.4 Ecological Tolerance
- 2.5 Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems
- 2.6 Adaptations
- 2.7 Ecological Succession
- 3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species
- 3.2 K-Selected and r-Selected Species
- 3.3 Survivorship Curves
- 3.4 Carrying Capacity
- 3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability
- 3.6 Age Structure Diagrams
- 3.7 Total Fertility Rate
- 3.8 Human Population Dynamics
- 3.9 Demographic Transition
- 4.1 Plate Tectonics
- 4.2 Soil Formation and Erosion
- 4.3 Soil Composition and Properties
- 4.4 Earth's Atmosphere
- 4.5 Global Wind Patterns
- 4.6 Watersheds
- 4.7 Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons
- 4.8 Earth's Geography and Climate
- 4.9 El Nino and La Nina
- 5.1 The Tragedy of the Commons
- 5.2 Clearcutting
- 5.3 The Green Revolution
- 5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
- 5.5 Irrigation Methods
- 5.6 Pest Control Methods
- 5.7 Meat Production Methods
- 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
- 5.9 Impacts of Mining
- 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
- 5.11 Ecological Footprints
- 5.12 Introduction to Sustainability
- 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
- 5.14 Integrated Pest Management
- 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture
- 5.16 Aquaculture
- 5.17 Sustainable Forestry
- 6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
- 6.2 Global Energy Consumption
- 6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
- 6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
- 6.5 Fossil Fuels
- 6.6 Nuclear Power
- 6.7 Energy from Biomass
- 6.8 Solar Energy
- 6.9 Hydroelectric Power
- 6.10 Geothermal Energy
- 6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
- 6.12 Wind Energy
- 6.13 Energy Conservation
- 7.1 Introduction to Air Pollution
- 7.2 Photochemical Smog
- 7.3 Thermal Inversion
- 7.4 Atmospheric CO2 and Particulates
- 7.5 Indoor Air Pollutants
- 7.6 Reduction of Air Pollutants
- 7.7 Acid Rain
- 7.8 Noise Pollution
- 8.1 Sources of Pollution
- 8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- 8.3 Endocrine Disruptors
- 8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
- 8.5 Eutrophication
- 8.6 Thermal Pollution
- 8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- 8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
- 8.9 Solid Waste Disposal
- 8.10 Waste Reduction Methods
- 8.11 Sewage Treatment
- 8.12 Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
- 8.13 Dose Response Curve
- 8.14 Pollution and Human Health
- 8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
- 9.1 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
- 9.2 Reducing Ozone Depletion
- 9.3 The Greenhouse Effect
- 9.4 Increases in the Greenhouse Gases
- 9.5 Global Climate Change
- 9.6 Ocean Warming
- 9.7 Ocean Acidification
- 9.8 Invasive Species
- 9.9 Endangered Species
- 9.10 Human Impacts on Biodiversity
Vocabulary lists
- 1. The Living World: Ecosystems
- 2. The Living World: Biodiversity
- 3. Populations
- 4. Earth Systems and Resources
- 5. Land and Water Use
- 6. Energy Resources and Consumption
- 7. Atmospheric Pollution
- 8. Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
- 9. Global Change
Flashcards
Weekly vocab tests
- Week 1 · Topics 1–2 · The Living World: Ecosystems, The Living World: Biodiversity
- Week 2 · Topic 2 · The Living World: Biodiversity
- Week 3 · Topics 2–4 · The Living World: Biodiversity, Populations, Earth Systems and Resources
- Week 4 · Topics 4–5 · Earth Systems and Resources, Land and Water Use
- Week 5 · Topics 5–7 · Land and Water Use, Energy Resources and Consumption, Atmospheric Pollution
- Week 6 · Topics 7–8 · Atmospheric Pollution, Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
- Week 7 · Topics 6–9 · Energy Resources and Consumption, Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution, Global Change
- Week 8 · Topics 1–6 · The Living World: Ecosystems, Land and Water Use, Energy Resources and Consumption
- Week 9 · Topics 6–9 · Energy Resources and Consumption, Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution, Global Change
Weekly homework
Exercise sheets
- Complete pack — exercise sheets + past papers
- 1 The Living World: Ecosystems — Part 1
- 1 The Living World: Ecosystems — Part 2
- 2 The Living World: Biodiversity — Part 1
- 2 The Living World: Biodiversity — Part 2
- 3 Populations — Part 1
- 3 Populations — Part 2
- 4 Earth Systems and Resources — Part 1
- 4 Earth Systems and Resources — Part 2
- 5 Land and Water Use — Part 1
- 5 Land and Water Use — Part 2
- 6 Energy Resources and Consumption — Part 1
- 6 Energy Resources and Consumption — Part 2
- 7 Atmospheric Pollution — Part 1
- 7 Atmospheric Pollution — Part 2
- 8 Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution — Part 1
- 8 Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution — Part 2
- 9 Global Change — Part 1
- 9 Global Change — Part 2
Past papers
- 1.2 Terrestrial Biomes
- 1.4 The Carbon Cycle
- 1.5 The Nitrogen Cycle
- 1.6 The Phosphorus Cycle
- 1.9 Trophic Levels
- 1.10 Energy Flow and the 10% Rule
- 1.11 Food Chains and Food Webs
- 2.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
- 2.2 Ecosystem Services
- 2.3 Island Biogeography
- 2.4 Ecological Tolerance
- 2.5 Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems
- 2.6 Adaptations
- 2.7 Ecological Succession
- 3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species
- 3.2 K-Selected and r-Selected Species
- 3.3 Survivorship Curves
- 3.4 Carrying Capacity
- 3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability
- 3.7 Total Fertility Rate
- 3.8 Human Population Dynamics
- 4.1 Plate Tectonics
- 4.2 Soil Formation and Erosion
- 4.3 Soil Composition and Properties
- 4.6 Watersheds
- 4.7 Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons
- 4.8 Earth's Geography and Climate
- 4.9 El Nino and La Nina
- 5.1 The Tragedy of the Commons
- 5.2 Clearcutting
- 5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
- 5.5 Irrigation Methods
- 5.6 Pest Control Methods
- 5.7 Meat Production Methods
- 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
- 5.9 Impacts of Mining
- 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
- 5.11 Ecological Footprints
- 5.12 Introduction to Sustainability
- 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
- 5.14 Integrated Pest Management
- 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture
- 5.16 Aquaculture
- 5.17 Sustainable Forestry
- 6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
- 6.2 Global Energy Consumption
- 6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
- 6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
- 6.5 Fossil Fuels
- 6.6 Nuclear Power
- 6.7 Energy from Biomass
- 6.8 Solar Energy
- 6.9 Hydroelectric Power
- 6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
- 6.12 Wind Energy
- 6.13 Energy Conservation
- 7.1 Introduction to Air Pollution
- 7.2 Photochemical Smog
- 7.4 Atmospheric CO2 and Particulates
- 7.5 Indoor Air Pollutants
- 7.6 Reduction of Air Pollutants
- 7.7 Acid Rain
- 7.8 Noise Pollution
- 8.1 Sources of Pollution
- 8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- 8.3 Endocrine Disruptors
- 8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
- 8.5 Eutrophication
- 8.6 Thermal Pollution
- 8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
- 8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
- 8.9 Solid Waste Disposal
- 8.10 Waste Reduction Methods
- 8.11 Sewage Treatment
- 8.14 Pollution and Human Health
- 8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
- 9.4 Increases in the Greenhouse Gases
- 9.5 Global Climate Change
- 9.6 Ocean Warming
- 9.7 Ocean Acidification
- 9.8 Invasive Species
- 9.9 Endangered Species
- 9.10 Human Impacts on Biodiversity
Tips
Do the calculations on paper, without a calculator. That is the exam condition, and the marks are lost in the arithmetic far more often than in the setup.
Show every step and carry the units through. The scoring guidelines award setup and units separately from the final value, so a wrong number with correct working still scores.
Build a small bank of named case studies — one per major topic — with a place, a cause and a figure. The free-response section asks for specific examples constantly, and a generic answer scores near zero.