| Candidates should be able to: | Notes and guidance |
|---|---|
| 1 Understand the difference between the internet and the world wide web | • The internet is the infrastructure • The world wide web is the collection of websites and web pages accessed using the internet |
| 2 Understand what is meant by a uniform resource locator (URL) | • A URL is a text-based address for a web page; it can contain the protocol, the domain name and the web page/file name |
| 3 Describe the purpose and operation of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) | |
| 4 Explain the purpose and functions of a web browser | • The main purpose of a web browser is to render hypertext markup language (HTML) and display web pages • Functions include: – storing bookmarks and favourites – recording user history – allowing use of multiple tabs – storing cookies – providing navigation tools – providing an address bar |
| 5 Describe how web pages are located, retrieved and displayed on a device when a user enters a URL | • Including the role of: – the web browser – IP addresses – the domain name server (DNS) – the web server – HTML |
| 6 Explain what is meant by cookies and how they are used, including session cookies and persistent cookies | • Cookies are used for functions, including: – saving personal details – tracking user preferences – holding items in an online shopping cart – storing login details |
| Kandidat harus mampu: | Catatan dan panduan |
|---|---|
| 1 Pahami perbedaan antara internet dan World Wide Web | • Internet adalah infrastruktur • World Wide Web adalah kumpulan situs web dan halaman web yang diakses menggunakan internet |
| 2 Pahami makna dari Uniform Resource Locator (URL) | • URL adalah alamat berbasis teks untuk sebuah halaman web; dapat berisi protokol, nama domain, dan nama halaman/web/file |
| 3 Jelaskan tujuan dan operasi Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) dan Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) | |
| 4 Jelaskan tujuan dan fungsi peramban web | • Tujuan utama peramban web adalah merender hypertext markup language (HTML) dan menampilkan halaman web • Fungsinya meliputi: – menyimpan bookmark dan favorit – mencatat riwayat pengguna – memungkinkan penggunaan beberapa tab – menyimpan cookie – menyediakan alat navigasi – menyediakan bilah alamat |
| 5 Jelaskan bagaimana halaman web ditemukan, diambil, dan ditampilkan pada perangkat ketika pengguna memasukkan URL | • Termasuk peran dari: – peramban web – alamat IP – domain name server (DNS) – server web – HTML |
| 6 Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan cookie dan bagaimana mereka digunakan, termasuk session cookie dan persistent cookie | • Cookie digunakan untuk fungsi-fungsi, termasuk: – menyimpan detail pribadi – melacak preferensi pengguna – menahan item dalam keranjang belanja online – menyimpan detail masuk (login) |

