The internet and the world wide web
Introduced| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| internet/ˈɪntənet/ | The network; the web is something you use on it. |
| URL/ˌjuː ɑː ˈel/ | URL |
| world wide web/wɜːld waɪd web/ | A system of linked resources, such as web pages, identified by URLs and accessed over networks using web protocols and clients. |
| protocol/ˈprəʊtəkɒl/ | An agreed set of rules governing communication between devices or systems. |
| domain name/dəˈmeɪn neɪm/ | A human-readable name used to identify an internet domain and resolve its network addresses. |
| web browser/web ˈbraʊzə/ | An application that requests web resources, interprets their content and presents pages for the user to interact with. |
| DNS/ˌdiː en ˈes/ | DNS |
| web server/web ˈsɜːvə/ | A system or program that responds to web requests and provides resources such as pages, files or application results. |
| cookie/ˈkʊki/ | A small text file a website stores on your device to remember things. |
The internet 互联网 and the web
- People mix these up, but they're different.
- The internet is the network; the web is something you use on it.
- We'll follow a web page from a typed URL 统一资源定位符 to your screen.
Internet, web, URL and browser
- The internet is the worldwide infrastructure — computers, cables and routers.
- The world wide web 万维网 (WWW) is the collection of websites you view over the internet (email is another internet service).
- A URL is a page's text address, in three parts: protocol 协议 · domain name 域名 · path (
https://www.example.com/index.html). - A web browser 网页浏览器 fetches pages and renders their HTML into what you see.
The internet is the worldwide network; the world wide web is one of the things you use on it.
What is the difference between the internet and the world wide web?
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The internet is the worldwide infrastructure; the WWW is one service (websites) running on it.
Match each web term to what it is.
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The internet is the network; the web is one service on it; a URL names a resource; DNS finds its IP.
A web browser's job is to:
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The browser fetches the HTML and renders it into the page you see.
How a web page reaches you
- The browser needs the site's IP address, but a URL is a name.
- It asks a DNS 域名系统 (domain name service), which stores the IP for each web address.
- The DNS returns the matching IP address.
- The browser contacts the web server 网页服务器 at that IP.
- The server sends back the page's HTML, which the browser renders.
A router joins your home network to the internet and sends data to the right place
What happens when you load a web page
Step through it. The web address is just a name — DNS turns it into an IP address before the browser can ask the right server for the page.
The domain name service (DNS) is used to:
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DNS turns the human-readable domain name into the numeric IP address the browser needs.
Cookies 缓存文件
- A cookie is a small text file a website stores on your device to remember things.
- A session cookie is deleted when you close the browser (e.g. a shopping basket).
- A persistent cookie is saved on the device, remembering you between visits (logins, preferences).
A cookie is a small text file stored on your computer
A persistent cookie is saved on the device and remembers you between visits, whereas a session cookie is deleted when you close the browser.
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Persistent cookies store logins/preferences across visits; session cookies last only for the current visit.
You've got it
- the internet = the network; the WWW = websites you use on it
- a URL = protocol + domain name + path; a browser renders HTML
- DNS turns a domain name into an IP address, then the browser fetches the page from the web server
- session cookies vanish on close; persistent cookies are saved for next time