A-Level Biology · ⁨A-Level 生物⁩

1.1 The microscope in cell studies · ⁨細胞研究における顕微鏡⁩ 1.2.1 Eukaryotic cells and their organelles · ⁨真核細胞とその小器官⁩ 1.2.2 Prokaryotic cells and viruses · ⁨原核細胞とウイルス⁩

2.1 Testing for biological molecules · ⁨生体分子の検査⁩ 2.2.1 Carbohydrates · ⁨炭水化物⁩ 2.2.2 Lipids 2.3 Proteins · ⁨タンパク質⁩ 2.4 Water · ⁨水⁩

3.1 Mode of action of enzymes · ⁨酵素の作用様式⁩ 3.2.1 Factors that affect enzyme action · ⁨酵素作用に影響を与える要因⁩ 3.2.2 Vmax, Km and inhibitors · ⁨Vmax, Km および阻害剤⁩

4.1 Fluid mosaic membranes · ⁨流動モザイク膜⁩ 4.2.1 Movement into and out of cells · ⁨細胞内外への移動⁩ 4.2.2 Surface area to volume ratio · ⁨表面積対体積比⁩ 4.2.3 Water potential and living cells · ⁨水分ポテンシャルと生体細胞⁩

5.1.1 Chromosomes and the cell cycle · ⁨染色体と細胞周期⁩ 5.1.2 The significance of mitosis · ⁨有糸分裂の重要性⁩ 5.2 Chromosome behaviour in mitosis · ⁨有糸分裂における染色体の挙動⁩

6.1.1 Nucleotides and the structure of DNA · ⁨ヌクレオチドとDNAの構造⁩ 6.1.2 Replication of DNA and RNA · ⁨DNAおよびRNAの複製⁩ 6.2.1 The genetic code and protein synthesis · ⁨遺伝コードとタンパク質合成⁩ 6.2.2 Gene mutations · ⁨遺伝子変異⁩

7.1 Structure of transport tissues · ⁨輸送組織の構造⁩ 7.2.1 Water uptake and movement to the xylem · ⁨水取りと木質部への移動⁩ 7.2.2 Transpiration and xerophytes · ⁨蒸散作用と乾燥耐性植物⁩ 7.2.3 Translocation in the phloem · ⁨篩管における移動⁩

8.1.1 The circulatory system 8.1.2 Blood cells, plasma and tissue fluid · ⁨血球、血浆および組織液⁩ 8.2.1 Transport of oxygen · ⁨酸素の輸送⁩ 8.2.2 Transport of carbon dioxide · ⁨二酸化炭素の輸送⁩ 8.3 The heart · ⁨心臓⁩

9.1.1 The gas exchange system and airways · ⁨ガス交換系と気道⁩ 9.1.2 Gas exchange in the alveoli · ⁨肺胞でのガス交換⁩

10.1.1 Infectious diseases · ⁨感染症⁩ 10.1.2 Preventing and controlling disease · ⁨疾病の予防と統制⁩ 10.2 Antibiotics · ⁨抗生物質⁩

11.1.1 Phagocytes and antigens · ⁨食胞作用と抗原⁩ 11.1.2 The immune response and memory cells · ⁨免疫応答と記憶細胞⁩ 11.2.1 Antibodies and monoclonal antibodies 11.2.2 Types of immunity and vaccination · ⁨免疫の種類とワクチン接種⁩

12.1 Energy · ⁨エネルギー⁩ 12.2.1 Respiratory substrates and RQ · ⁨呼吸基質とRQ⁩ 12.2.2 Glycolysis and the link reaction 12.2.3 Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 12.2.4 Anaerobic respiration · ⁨無酸素呼吸⁩

13.1.1 The chloroplast and pigments · ⁨葉緑体と色素⁩ 13.1.2 The light-dependent stage · ⁨光依存反応⁩ 13.1.3 The Calvin cycle · ⁨カルビン回路⁩ 13.2 Investigation of limiting factors · ⁨制限要因の調査⁩

14.1.1 Homeostasis and the liver · ⁨ホメオスタシスと肝臓⁩ 14.1.2 The kidney and the nephron 14.1.3 Osmoregulation · ⁨浸透圧調節⁩ 14.1.4 Controlling blood glucose · ⁨血糖値の調節⁩ 14.2 Homeostasis in plants · ⁨植物体内的恒常性⁩

15.1.1 Coordination systems and neurones · ⁨調整系とニューロン⁩ 15.1.2 The nerve impulse · ⁨神経インパルス⁩ 15.1.3 The synapse · ⁨シナプス⁩ 15.1.4 Muscles and contraction · ⁨筋肉と収縮⁩ 15.2 Control and coordination in plants · ⁨植物の調節と調整⁩

16.1 Passage of information from parents to offspring · ⁨親から子への情報の伝達⁩ 16.2.1 The language of genetics · ⁨遺伝学の言語⁩ 16.2.2 Genetic diagrams and crosses · ⁨遺伝図式および交配⁩ 16.2.3 From genes to phenotype · ⁨遺伝子から表現型へ⁩ 16.3 Gene control · ⁨遺伝子制御⁩

17.1 Variation · ⁨変異⁩ 17.2.1 Natural selection · ⁨自然選択⁩ 17.2.2 Changing allele frequencies · ⁨対立遺伝子頻度の変化⁩ 17.2.3 Artificial selection · ⁨人工選択⁩ 17.3 Evolution · ⁨進化⁩

18.1.1 Species and the three domains · ⁨種と三領域⁩ 18.1.2 The taxonomic hierarchy and kingdoms · ⁨分類階層および界⁩ 18.2 Biodiversity · ⁨生物多様性⁩ 18.3 Conservation · ⁨保全活動⁩

19.1.1 Principles and tools of genetic technology · ⁨遺伝子技術の原理とツール⁩ 19.1.2 Copying and sorting DNA · ⁨DNAの複製と選別⁩ 19.2 Genetic technology applied to medicine · ⁨医学への遺伝子技術の応用⁩ 19.3 Genetically modified organisms in agriculture · ⁨農業における遺伝子組み換え生物⁩