คำกริยาวิเศษณ์กับคำคุณศัพท์

• 3 คำกริยาวิเศษณ์กับคำคุณศัพท์

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  English

  Original teaching practice. Read one pattern, cover its model and try the questions before checking the separate answer section. Examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA) retain the course-reference provenance.

  so much这么zhè me / like that那么nà me + Adjective (so …)

  It really is that hot

  • You step outside in July and it is much hotter than you expected.
  • today今天jīn tiānhow / why怎么zěn meso much这么zhè meto warm up热rè！ — "How come it is so hot today!" so much这么zhè me points to the degree you are feeling right now.

  so much这么zhè me / like that那么nà me + Adjective

  • so much这么zhè me + Adj = "so …" about something here and now; like that那么nà me + Adj = "so …" about something over there, earlier or mentioned.
  • Like degree / adjective linker很hěn, they stand directly before the adjective: so much这么zhè meexpensive贵guì, like that那么nà meto distance oneself from…远yuǎn.

  this这zhè(measure word)件jiànclothes衣服yī fuso这么zhè meexpensive贵guì。

  

  Near and far

  • Holding the shoes: 这双鞋zhè shuāng xiéso much这么zhè mecheap便宜pián yi！ — "These shoes are so cheap!"
  • Talking about a city you visited: there那儿nà ér(modifier / structural particle)的dewinter冬天dōng tiānlike that那么nà mecold冷lěng，you你nǐhow / why怎么zěn meto put up with受得了shòu dé le？ — "The winters there are so cold; how do you stand it?"

  you你nǐhome家jiāso那么nà mefar远yuǎn，every day每天měi tiānhow怎么zěn mecome来lái？

  Keep one degree word

  • Do not add degree / adjective linker很hěn as well: so much这么zhè meto warm up热rè, not so much这么zhè medegree / adjective linker很hěnto warm up热rè, since so much这么zhè me already gives the degree.
  • Place so much这么zhè me or like that那么nà me before the adjective, not after it: like that那么nà meto distance oneself from…远yuǎn, not to distance oneself from…远yuǎnlike that那么nà me.

  Also in comparisons

  • like that那么nà me often sharpens a not have / haven't没有méi yǒu comparison: I / me我wǒnot have / haven't没有méi yǒuhe / him他tālike that那么nà mehigh高gāo。 — "I am not as tall as him."
  • so much这么zhè me can also go before a verb of degree: you你nǐhow / why怎么zěn meso much这么zhè meto like喜欢xǐ huanvariant of 吃吃chīhot (spicy)辣là(modifier / structural particle)的de？

  I我wǒnot as没有méi yǒuhim他tāso那么nà metall高gāo。

  Recap

  • so much这么zhè me / like that那么nà me + Adjective = "so …": so much这么zhè me for here and now, like that那么nà me for there, then or what was mentioned.
  • It replaces degree / adjective linker很hěn; it often comes with how / why怎么zěn me (surprise) or not have / haven't没有méi yǒu (comparison).

  Practise this pattern step by step.

  A with / and跟gēn / and / with和hé B same一样yī yàng (the same as)

  Twins in the same class

  • Two classmates are exactly the same height, and a new teacher keeps mixing them up.
  • older brother哥哥gē gēwith / and跟gēnyounger brother弟弟dì disame一样yī yànghigh高gāo。 — "The older brother is as tall as the younger brother."

  A with / and跟gēn / and / with和hé B same一样yī yàng (+ Adjective)

  • A + with / and跟gēn / and / with和hé + B + same一样yī yàng = "A is the same as B"; add an adjective to say in what way: same一样yī yànghigh高gāo, same一样yī yàngbusy忙máng.
  • with / and跟gēn and and / with和hé both work here; with / and跟gēn is a little more common in speech.

  my我wǒ的dephone手机shǒu jīand跟gēnyours你nǐ的dethe same一样yí yàng。

  

  The same as, but not the same

  • Negate by putting not不bù before same一样yī yàng: I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deway of thinking想法xiǎng fǎwith / and跟gēnyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的denot不bùsame一样yī yàng。 — "My idea is different from yours."
  • Ask with (yes/no ?)吗ma or same一样yī yàngnot不bùsame一样yī yàng: Beijing, capital of the…北京běi jīng(modifier / structural particle)的dewinter冬天dōng tiānwith / and跟gēnShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi(modifier / structural particle)的desame一样yī yàngcold冷lěng(yes/no ?)吗ma？

  today今天jīn tiānand跟gēnyesterday昨天zuó tiānequally一样yí yàngcold冷lěng。

  Where not不bù and degree / adjective linker很hěn go

  • not不bù goes before same一样yī yàng: with / and跟gēnhe / him他tānot不bùsame一样yī yàng, not not不bùwith / and跟gēnhe / him他tāsame一样yī yàng for "different from him".
  • No degree / adjective linker很hěn before the adjective after same一样yī yàng: same一样yī yànghigh高gāo, not same一样yī yàngdegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāo.

  same一样yī yàng versus than / compared to比bǐ

  • same一样yī yàng says the two are equal; than / compared to比bǐ says one is more: older brother哥哥gē gēthan / compared to比bǐyounger brother弟弟dì dihigh高gāo ("taller than").
  • same一样yī yàng can also describe a noun with (modifier / structural particle)的de: we / us我们wǒ mento buy买mǎi(completed / change)了lesame一样yī yàng(modifier / structural particle)的declothes衣服yī fú。 — "We bought the same clothes."

  we我们wǒ menbought买mǎi了lethe same一样yí yàng的declothes衣服yī fu。

  Recap

  • A with / and跟gēn/and / with和hé B same一样yī yàng (+ Adj) = A is (as Adj as) B. Negative: A with / and跟gēn B not不bùsame一样yī yàng.
  • The adjective after same一样yī yàng stays bare; same一样yī yàng(modifier / structural particle)的de + noun = the same thing.

  Practise this pattern step by step.

  again又yòu … again又yòu … (both … and …)

  A good buy

  • You found a jacket that looks great and costs very little, and you want to say both at once.
  • 这件zhè jiànclothes衣服yī fúagain又yòucheap便宜pián yiagain又yòugood-looking好看hǎo kàn。 — "This jacket is both cheap and good-looking."

  again又yòu + A + again又yòu + B

  • Subject + again又yòu + Adj/Verb + again又yòu + Adj/Verb: each again又yòu sits directly before its own description.
  • The two qualities point the same way, both good or both bad: 又快又好yòu kuài yòu hǎo, again又yòurope累lèiagain又yòuto be hungry饿è.

  I我wǒboth又yòutired累lèiand又yòuhungry饿è。

  

  Actions as well as qualities

  • Verb phrases fit too: child孩子hái zi(plural)们menagain又yòuto sing唱chàngagain又yòuto jump跳tiào。 — "The children sang and danced."
  • Use it to describe a person or place with two clear features: she / her她tā(modifier / structural particle)的deroom房间fáng jiānagain又yòusee 大夫大dàagain又yòuclean干净gān jìng。

  the children孩子们hái zi menboth又yòusing唱chàngand又yòudance跳tiào。

  Keep the two halves matched

  • Use two qualities with the same direction: again又yòucheap便宜pián yiagain又yòugood-looking好看hǎo kàn is natural; again又yòucheap便宜pián yiagain又yòuugly难看nán kàn sounds odd unless you are joking.
  • No degree / adjective linker很hěn inside the pattern: 又高又大yòu gāo yòu dà, not again又yòudegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāoagain又yòu很大hěn dà.

  again又yòu…again又yòu… versus also也yě and and / with和hé

  • and / with和hé cannot join two adjectives in a predicate: say again又yòucheap便宜pián yiagain又yòugood-looking好看hǎo kàn, not cheap便宜pián yiand / with和hégood-looking好看hǎo kàn.
  • again又yòu…again又yòu… stresses that both features are present at the same time; degree / adjective linker很hěncheap便宜pián yi，also也yědegree / adjective linker很hěngood-looking好看hǎo kàn lists them one after another.

  here这儿zhèr的defood菜càivery很hěncheap便宜pián yi，also也yěvery很hěntasty好吃hǎo chī。

  Recap

  • again又yòu A again又yòu B = both A and B, at the same time. Each again又yòu goes before its own adjective or verb.
  • Pick two qualities that point the same way, and leave out degree / adjective linker很hěn.

  Practise this pattern step by step.

  Subject + fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào + Adjective (fairly, rather)

  Not great, not terrible

  • A friend asks how your new job is. It is fine, but you would not call it amazing.
  • to work工作gōng zuò比较忙bǐ jiào máng，but不过bú guòcolleague同事tóng shìall / both都dōudegree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎo。 — "The work is fairly busy, but my colleagues are all nice."

  fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào + Adjective

  • Subject + fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào + Adj = "fairly, rather, relatively": fairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoexpensive贵guì, fairly / rather比较bǐ jiàodifficult / hard难nán, fairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoto distance oneself from…远yuǎn.
  • Here fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào is an adverb of degree, so it takes the place of degree / adjective linker很hěn; there is no second thing being compared.

  this这zhè(measure word)个gequestion问题wèn tífairly比较bǐ jiàodifficult难nán。

  

  A softer way to answer

  • Answering "Is the restaurant far?": fairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoto distance oneself from…远yuǎn，we / us我们wǒ mento take a taxi (in town)打车dǎ chē(suggestion)吧ba。 — "It's rather far; let's take a taxi."
  • fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào also goes before some verbs of liking: I / me我wǒfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoto like喜欢xǐ huanto drink tea喝茶hē chá。 — "I prefer tea (I like tea more)."

  I我wǒrather比较bǐ jiàolike喜欢xǐ huandrinking喝hētea茶chá。

  Do not combine it with than / compared to比bǐ

  • In a than / compared to比bǐ comparison, fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào cannot appear before the adjective: he / him他tāthan / compared to比bǐI / me我wǒhigh高gāo, not he / him他tāthan / compared to比bǐI / me我wǒfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàohigh高gāo.
  • Do not stack it with degree / adjective linker很hěn: 比较忙bǐ jiào máng, not degree / adjective linker很hěn比较忙bǐ jiào máng or fairly / rather比较bǐ jiàodegree / adjective linker很hěnbusy忙máng.

  fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào as a verb

  • fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào can also be a verb meaning "to compare": we / us我们wǒ menfairly / rather比较bǐ jiào(used after a verb) give it…一下yī xiàthis这zhè两个liǎng gècell phone手机shǒu jī。 — "Let's compare these two phones."
  • Tell them apart by position: before an adjective it means "fairly"; with an object it means "compare".

  we我们wǒ mencompare比较bǐ jiàobriefly一下yí xiàthese这zhètwo两个liǎng gephones手机shǒu jī。

  Recap

  • fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào + Adj = fairly, rather; it replaces degree / adjective linker很hěn and gives a moderate answer.
  • It never goes inside a than / compared to比bǐ sentence. With an object, fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào is the verb "compare".

  Practise this pattern step by step.

  many多duō + Adjective + (exclamation)啊a! (how …!)

  The view from the top

  • You reach the top of a mountain and the whole city lies below you.
  • here这儿zhè ér(modifier / structural particle)的descenery风景fēng jǐngmany多duōbeautiful美měi(exclamation)啊a！ — "How beautiful the view is here!"

  many多duō + Adjective + (exclamation)啊a！

  • many多duō + Adj + (exclamation)啊a is an exclamation: "How … !" many多duō goes before the adjective and (exclamation)啊a closes the sentence.
  • The adjective stands alone: 多好duō hǎo(exclamation)啊a, 多快duō kuài(exclamation)啊a, many多duōadorable可爱kě ài(exclamation)啊a.

  your你nǐ的dedaughter女儿nǚ érhow多duōcute可爱kě ài啊a！

  

  Sharing a feeling

  • Admiring: you你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的deChinese language中文zhōng wénvariant of 说说shuō(degree marker)得demany多duōgood好hǎo(exclamation)啊a！ — "How well you speak Chinese!"
  • Complaining works too: today今天jīn tiān多热duō rè(exclamation)啊a！ — "How hot it is today!"

  today今天jīn tiānhow多duōhot热rè啊a！

  Exclaim, do not ask

  • No degree / adjective linker很hěn inside: many多duōbeautiful美měi(exclamation)啊a, not many多duōdegree / adjective linker很hěnbeautiful美měi(exclamation)啊a; many多duō already carries the degree.
  • Keep (exclamation)啊a and the exclamation mark. Without them, many多duō + Adj often becomes a question: 多远duō yuǎn？ — "How far is it?"

  many多duō…(exclamation)啊a versus too太tài…(completed / change)了le

  • too太tài + Adj + (completed / change)了le also reacts strongly: too太tàibeautiful美měi(completed / change)了le！ It is common and often means "too": 太贵tài guì(completed / change)了le.
  • many多duō + Adj + (exclamation)啊a is warmer and more admiring; it suits praise and wonder.

  this这zhè(measure word)件jiànclothes衣服yī futoo太tàiexpensive贵guì了le！

  Recap

  • many多duō + Adj + (exclamation)啊a！ = How … ! An exclamation of admiration or strong feeling.
  • Bare adjective, no degree / adjective linker很hěn; without (exclamation)啊a and "！", many多duō + Adj can be a question about amount.

  Practise this pattern step by step.

  Adjective + (modifier / structural particle)的de + Noun (describing a noun)

  Which one is yours?

  • At the station a lost-property officer asks which bag is yours. You need more than "a bag".
  • I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìthat那个nà gered (color)红色hóng sè(modifier / structural particle)的de大包dà bāo。 — "Mine is that big red bag."

  Adjective + (modifier / structural particle)的de + Noun

  • Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的de + Noun: the description comes first and (modifier / structural particle)的de links it to the noun: pretty漂亮piào liàng(modifier / structural particle)的deflower花huā, interesting有意思yǒu yì si(modifier / structural particle)的debook书shū.
  • Two-syllable adjectives and adjectives with degree / adjective linker很hěn usually need (modifier / structural particle)的de: degree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的defriend朋友péng yǒu, clean干净gān jìng(modifier / structural particle)的deroom房间fáng jiān.

  she她tāis是shìa一yí(measure word)个gevery很hěnclever聪明cōng ming的destudent学生xué sheng。

  

  Short fixed pairs drop (modifier / structural particle)的de

  • Many one-syllable adjectives join the noun directly: good person好人hǎo rén, 新车xīn chē, major city大城市dà chéng shì, black tea红茶hóng chá.
  • These pairs act like single words. Adding (modifier / structural particle)的de makes the description more contrastive: 我要wǒ yàonew新xīn(modifier / structural particle)的de, don't不要bú yàoold旧jiù(modifier / structural particle)的de.

  Beijing北京Běi jīngis是shìa一yí(measure word)个gebig大dàcity城市chéng shì。

  When (modifier / structural particle)的de is needed

  • Keep (modifier / structural particle)的de after degree / adjective linker很hěn + Adj: degree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的defriend朋友péng yǒu, not degree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎofriend朋友péng yǒu.
  • The description goes before the noun, never after: pretty漂亮piào liàng(modifier / structural particle)的declothes衣服yī fú, not clothes衣服yī fúpretty漂亮piào liàng(modifier / structural particle)的de (that is a separate sentence pattern).

  Leaving the noun out

  • When the noun is clear, Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的de can stand alone: I / me我wǒto like喜欢xǐ huanred红hóng(modifier / structural particle)的de。 — "I like the red one."
  • This is common in shops and choices: see 大夫大dà(modifier / structural particle)的deor / still还是hái shìsmall小xiǎo(modifier / structural particle)的de？ — "The big one or the small one?"

  you你nǐwant要yàobig大dà的deor还是hái shismall小xiǎo的de？

  Recap

  • Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的de + Noun describes a noun; the description always comes first.
  • degree / adjective linker很hěn + Adj and most two-syllable adjectives need (modifier / structural particle)的de; common one-syllable pairs (good person好人hǎo rén, 新车xīn chē) do not. Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的de alone = "the … one".

  Practise this pattern step by step.

  Practice without the models

  so much这么zhè me / like that那么nà me + Adjective (so …)

  0104.1 You are holding a heavy suitcase: you你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的desuitcase箱子xiāng zihow / why怎么zěn me…………heavy / important重zhòng？

  0104.2 A friend describes her hometown far away. Which fits best? “The mountains there are so beautiful.”

  • A. there那儿nà ér(modifier / structural particle)的demountain山shānso much这么zhè me很漂亮hěn piào liàng。
  • B. there那儿nà ér(modifier / structural particle)的demountain山shāndegree / adjective linker很hěnlike that那么nà mepretty漂亮piào liàng。
  • C. there那儿nà ér(modifier / structural particle)的demountain山shānpretty漂亮piào liànglike that那么nà me。
  • D. there那儿nà ér(modifier / structural particle)的demountain山shānlike that那么nà mepretty漂亮piào liàng。

  0104.3 Build: “I am not as tall as him.”

  Arrange all chunks: I / me我wǒ / he / him他tā / not have / haven't没有méi yǒu / like that那么nà me / high高gāo。

  0104.4 so much这么zhè medegree / adjective linker很hěnto warm up热rè is correct because so much这么zhè me and degree / adjective linker很hěn both mean “very”.

  True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

  0104.5 You step outside in July and it is much hotter than you expected. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

  Write or say your own response before reading the key.

  A with / and跟gēn / and / with和hé B same一样yī yàng (the same as)

  0105.1 Complete: “This bag costs the same as that one.” this这个zhè geto cover包bāowith / and跟gēnthat那个nà geto cover包bāo…………expensive贵guì。

  0105.2 Which says “My answer is different from yours.”?

  • A. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deanswer答案dá ànwith / and跟gēnyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的denot / haven't没méisame一样yī yàng。
  • B. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deanswer答案dá ànnot不bùwith / and跟gēnyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的desame一样yī yàng。
  • C. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deanswer答案dá ànwith / and跟gēnyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的desame一样yī yàngnot不bù。
  • D. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deanswer答案dá ànwith / and跟gēnyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的denot不bùsame一样yī yàng。

  0105.3 Build: “Today is as cold as yesterday.”

  Arrange all chunks: same一样yī yàng / today今天jīn tiān / cold冷lěng。 / with / and跟gēnyesterday昨天zuó tiān

  0105.4 older brother哥哥gē gēwith / and跟gēnyounger brother弟弟dì disame一样yī yànghigh高gāo means the older brother is taller.

  True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

  0105.5 Two classmates are exactly the same height, and a new teacher keeps mixing them up. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

  Write or say your own response before reading the key.

  again又yòu … again又yòu … (both … and …)

  0106.1 Complete: “The noodles here are both tasty and cheap.” here这儿zhè ér(modifier / structural particle)的denoodles面条miàn tiáo…………to be fond of eating好吃hǎo chī…………cheap便宜pián yi。 (write the word that fills both blanks)

  0106.2 Which sentence is natural?

  • A. he / him他tāagain又yòuhigh高gāoagain又yòu(bound form)…帅shuài。
  • B. he / him他tā高和帅gāo hé shuài。
  • C. he / him他tāagain又yòudegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāoagain又yòu很帅hěn shuài。
  • D. he / him他tāagain又yòu高帅gāo shuài。

  0106.3 Build: “Her room is both big and clean.”

  Arrange all chunks: again又yòusee 大夫大dà / again又yòuclean干净gān jìng / she / her她tā(modifier / structural particle)的deroom房间fáng jiān / 。

  0106.4 这件zhè jiànclothes衣服yī fúcheap便宜pián yiand / with和hégood-looking好看hǎo kàn is a correct way to say “This item of clothing is cheap and good-looking.”

  True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

  0106.5 You found a jacket that looks great and costs very little, and you want to say both at once. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

  Write or say your own response before reading the key.

  Subject + fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào + Adjective (fairly, rather)

  0107.1 A moderate answer: “Today is fairly cold.” today今天jīn tiān…………cold冷lěng。

  0107.2 Which sentence says “He is taller than me.”?

  • A. he / him他tāthan / compared to比bǐI / me我wǒhigh高gāo。
  • B. he / him他tāthan / compared to比bǐI / me我wǒfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàohigh高gāo。
  • C. he / him他tādegree / adjective linker很hěnthan / compared to比bǐI / me我wǒhigh高gāo。
  • D. he / him他tāfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoI / me我wǒhigh高gāo。

  0107.3 Match each sentence to its meaning.

  • 1. 这家zhè jiārestaurant饭馆fàn guǎnfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoexpensive贵guì。
  • 2. we / us我们wǒ menfairly / rather比较bǐ jiào(used after a verb) give it…一下yī xiàprice价格jià gé。
  • 3. I / me我wǒfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoto like喜欢xǐ huansummer夏天xià tiān。

  • A. Let's compare the prices.

  • B. I prefer summer.

  • C. This restaurant is rather expensive.

  0107.4 Build: “It is rather far; let's take a taxi.”

  Arrange all chunks: to take a taxi (in town)打车dǎ chē(suggestion)吧ba。 / fairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoto distance oneself from…远yuǎn / ， / we / us我们wǒ men

  0107.5 A friend asks how your new job is. It is fine, but you would not call it amazing. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

  Write or say your own response before reading the key.

  many多duō + Adjective + (exclamation)啊a! (how …!)

  0108.1 Exclaim: “How nice the weather is!” weather天气tiān qì…………good好hǎo(exclamation)啊a！

  0108.2 Which one asks a question instead of exclaiming?

  • A. this这个zhè gepark (for public recreation)公园gōng yuánhow old?多大duō dà？
  • B. this这个zhè gepark (for public recreation)公园gōng yuánmany多duōpretty漂亮piào liàng(exclamation)啊a！
  • C. this这个zhè gepark (for public recreation)公园gōng yuánhow old?多大duō dà(exclamation)啊a！
  • D. here这儿zhè érmany多duōquiet安静ān jìng(exclamation)啊a！

  0108.3 Build: “How well you speak Chinese!”

  Arrange all chunks: you你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的deChinese language中文zhōng wén / variant of 说说shuō(degree marker)得de / (exclamation)啊a！ / 多好duō hǎo

  0108.4 many多duō很漂亮hěn piào liàng(exclamation)啊a！ is correct.

  True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

  0108.5 You reach the top of a mountain and the whole city lies below you. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

  Write or say your own response before reading the key.

  Adjective + (modifier / structural particle)的de + Noun (describing a noun)

  0109.1 Complete: “He is a very good friend.” he / him他tāto be / is是shìI / me我wǒdegree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎo…………friend朋友péng yǒu。

  0109.2 Which phrase is correct?

  • A. clothes衣服yī fúpretty漂亮piào liàng(modifier / structural particle)的de
  • B. pretty漂亮piào liàngdegree / adjective linker很hěn(modifier / structural particle)的declothes衣服yī fú
  • C. 很漂亮hěn piào liàng(modifier / structural particle)的declothes衣服yī fú
  • D. degree / adjective linker很hěn漂亮衣服piào liàng yī fú

  0109.3 In a shop, 我要wǒ yàored红hóng(modifier / structural particle)的de can mean “I want the red one.”

  True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

  0109.4 Build: “This is a very interesting book.”

  Arrange all chunks: degree / adjective linker很hěninteresting有意思yǒu yì si(modifier / structural particle)的de / book书shū。 / 一本yī běn / 这是zhè shì

  0109.5 At the station a lost-property officer asks which bag is yours. You need more than "a bag". Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

  Write or say your own response before reading the key.

  Answers and explanations

  so much这么zhè me / like that那么nà me + Adjective (so …)

  0104.1 so much这么zhè me

  The suitcase is right here, so so much这么zhè me + heavy / important重zhòng = “so heavy”.

  0104.2 D. there那儿nà ér(modifier / structural particle)的demountain山shānlike that那么nà mepretty漂亮piào liàng。

  like that那么nà me + Adj, with no extra degree / adjective linker很hěn; like that那么nà me suits a distant place.

  0104.3 I / me我wǒnot have / haven't没有méi yǒuhe / him他tālike that那么nà mehigh高gāo。

  A + not have / haven't没有méi yǒu + B + like that那么nà me + Adj.

  0104.4 False.

  so much这么zhè me already supplies the degree, so degree / adjective linker很hěn is left out: so much这么zhè meto warm up热rè.

  0104.5 One possible response: today今天jīn tiānhow / why怎么zěn meso much这么zhè meto warm up热rè！

  Check meaning and form:

  • My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
  • I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
  • Do not add degree / adjective linker很hěn as well: so much这么zhè meto warm up热rè, not so much这么zhè medegree / adjective linker很hěnto warm up热rè, since so much这么zhè me already gives the degree.
  • Place so much这么zhè me or like that那么nà me before the adjective, not after it: like that那么nà meto distance oneself from…远yuǎn, not to distance oneself from…远yuǎnlike that那么nà me.
  • I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.

  This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.

  A with / and跟gēn / and / with和hé B same一样yī yàng (the same as)

  0105.1 same一样yī yàng

  A with / and跟gēn B same一样yī yàng + Adj. same一样yī yàngexpensive贵guì = “equally expensive”.

  0105.2 D. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deanswer答案dá ànwith / and跟gēnyou你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的denot不bùsame一样yī yàng。

  not不bù is placed right before same一样yī yàng.

  0105.3 today今天jīn tiānwith / and跟gēnyesterday昨天zuó tiānsame一样yī yàngcold冷lěng。

  A + with / and跟gēn B + same一样yī yàng + Adj.

  0105.4 False.

  same一样yī yànghigh高gāo means the same height. “Taller” needs than / compared to比bǐ: older brother哥哥gē gēthan / compared to比bǐyounger brother弟弟dì dihigh高gāo.

  0105.5 One possible response: older brother哥哥gē gēwith / and跟gēnyounger brother弟弟dì disame一样yī yànghigh高gāo。

  Check meaning and form:

  • My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
  • I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
  • not不bù goes before same一样yī yàng: with / and跟gēnhe / him他tānot不bùsame一样yī yàng, not not不bùwith / and跟gēnhe / him他tāsame一样yī yàng for "different from him".
  • No degree / adjective linker很hěn before the adjective after same一样yī yàng: same一样yī yànghigh高gāo, not same一样yī yàngdegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāo.
  • I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.

  This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.

  again又yòu … again又yòu … (both … and …)

  0106.1 again又yòu

  again又yòuto be fond of eating好吃hǎo chīagain又yòucheap便宜pián yi – again又yòu before each quality.

  0106.2 A. he / him他tāagain又yòuhigh高gāoagain又yòu(bound form)…帅shuài。

  again又yòu + Adj + again又yòu + Adj with no degree / adjective linker很hěn. and / with和hé does not join two adjectives in the predicate.

  0106.3 she / her她tā(modifier / structural particle)的deroom房间fáng jiānagain又yòusee 大夫大dàagain又yòuclean干净gān jìng。

  Subject + again又yòu A + again又yòu B.

  0106.4 False.

  and / with和hé joins nouns, not two adjectives used as the predicate. Use again又yòucheap便宜pián yiagain又yòugood-looking好看hǎo kàn.

  0106.5 One possible response: 这件zhè jiànclothes衣服yī fúagain又yòucheap便宜pián yiagain又yòugood-looking好看hǎo kàn。

  Check meaning and form:

  • My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
  • I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
  • Use two qualities with the same direction: again又yòucheap便宜pián yiagain又yòugood-looking好看hǎo kàn is natural; again又yòucheap便宜pián yiagain又yòuugly难看nán kàn sounds odd unless you are joking.
  • No degree / adjective linker很hěn inside the pattern: 又高又大yòu gāo yòu dà, not again又yòudegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāoagain又yòu很大hěn dà.
  • I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.

  This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.

  Subject + fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào + Adjective (fairly, rather)

  0107.1 fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào

  fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào + Adj = fairly cold.

  0107.2 A. he / him他tāthan / compared to比bǐI / me我wǒhigh高gāo。

  A than / compared to比bǐ B + Adj. The adverb fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào does not go inside a than / compared to比bǐ comparison.

  0107.3 1–C: 这家zhè jiārestaurant饭馆fàn guǎnfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoexpensive贵guì。 = This restaurant is rather expensive.; 2–A: we / us我们wǒ menfairly / rather比较bǐ jiào(used after a verb) give it…一下yī xiàprice价格jià gé。 = Let's compare the prices.; 3–B: I / me我wǒfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoto like喜欢xǐ huansummer夏天xià tiān。 = I prefer summer.

  Before an adjective or a liking verb, fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào means “rather”; with an object such as price价格jià gé it is the verb “compare”.

  0107.4 fairly / rather比较bǐ jiàoto distance oneself from…远yuǎn，we / us我们wǒ mento take a taxi (in town)打车dǎ chē(suggestion)吧ba。

  fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào + Adj, then the suggestion.

  0107.5 One possible response: to work工作gōng zuò比较忙bǐ jiào máng，but不过bú guòcolleague同事tóng shìall / both都dōudegree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎo。

  Check meaning and form:

  • My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
  • I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
  • In a than / compared to比bǐ comparison, fairly / rather比较bǐ jiào cannot appear before the adjective: he / him他tāthan / compared to比bǐI / me我wǒhigh高gāo, not he / him他tāthan / compared to比bǐI / me我wǒfairly / rather比较bǐ jiàohigh高gāo.
  • Do not stack it with degree / adjective linker很hěn: 比较忙bǐ jiào máng, not degree / adjective linker很hěn比较忙bǐ jiào máng or fairly / rather比较bǐ jiàodegree / adjective linker很hěnbusy忙máng.
  • I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.

  This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.

  many多duō + Adjective + (exclamation)啊a! (how …!)

  0108.1 many多duō

  many多duō + Adj + (exclamation)啊a = “How … !”

  0108.2 A. this这个zhè gepark (for public recreation)公园gōng yuánhow old?多大duō dà？

  Without (exclamation)啊a and the exclamation mark, how old?多大duō dà？ asks “How big is it?”

  0108.3 you你nǐ(modifier / structural particle)的deChinese language中文zhōng wénvariant of 说说shuō(degree marker)得demany多duōgood好hǎo(exclamation)啊a！

  Verb + (degree marker)得de + many多duō + Adj + (exclamation)啊a.

  0108.4 False.

  many多duō already gives the degree, so the adjective stays bare: many多duōpretty漂亮piào liàng(exclamation)啊a！

  0108.5 One possible response: here这儿zhè ér(modifier / structural particle)的descenery风景fēng jǐngmany多duōbeautiful美měi(exclamation)啊a！

  Check meaning and form:

  • My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
  • I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
  • No degree / adjective linker很hěn inside: many多duōbeautiful美měi(exclamation)啊a, not many多duōdegree / adjective linker很hěnbeautiful美měi(exclamation)啊a; many多duō already carries the degree.
  • Keep (exclamation)啊a and the exclamation mark. Without them, many多duō + Adj often becomes a question: 多远duō yuǎn？ – "How far is it?"
  • I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.

  This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.

  Adjective + (modifier / structural particle)的de + Noun (describing a noun)

  0109.1 (modifier / structural particle)的de

  degree / adjective linker很hěn + Adj needs (modifier / structural particle)的de before the noun.

  0109.2 C. 很漂亮hěn piào liàng(modifier / structural particle)的declothes衣服yī fú

  Description + (modifier / structural particle)的de + noun, and degree / adjective linker很hěn + Adj keeps (modifier / structural particle)的de.

  0109.3 True.

  When the noun is clear from context, Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的de stands for “the … one”.

  0109.4 这是zhè shì一本yī běndegree / adjective linker很hěninteresting有意思yǒu yì si(modifier / structural particle)的debook书shū。

  Number + measure word + description + (modifier / structural particle)的de + noun.

  0109.5 One possible response: I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的deto be / is是shìthat那个nà gered (color)红色hóng sè(modifier / structural particle)的de大包dà bāo。

  Check meaning and form:

  • My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
  • I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
  • Keep (modifier / structural particle)的de after degree / adjective linker很hěn + Adj: degree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎo(modifier / structural particle)的defriend朋友péng yǒu, not degree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎofriend朋友péng yǒu.
  • The description goes before the noun, never after: pretty漂亮piào liàng(modifier / structural particle)的declothes衣服yī fú, not clothes衣服yī fúpretty漂亮piào liàng(modifier / structural particle)的de (that is a separate sentence pattern).
  • I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.

  This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.

ทุกหัวข้อ · ไวยากรณ์ HSK 3