English
For a one-electron Coulomb ion with nuclear charge Ze, use the nonrelativistic central-potential model and a heavy nucleus approximation unless reduced mass is specified. E_n≈−13.6 Z²/n² eV; allowed orbital numbers are n≥1, l=0,…,n−1 and m_l=−l,…,l. L² has eigenvalue l(l+1)$\hbar$² and L_z=m_l$\hbar$; the ground 1s orbital has l=0, despite the historical Bohr circular-orbit rule. Spatial degeneracy at fixed n is Σ_l(2l+1)=n² before spin and fine-structure corrections. If ψ=R_nl(r)Y_lm with angular part normalised, radial probability in dr is r²|R|²dr, not just |R|²dr. For hydrogen 1s, the radial density is 4r²e^(−2r/a₀)/a₀³: it peaks at r=a₀ and has mean 3a₀/2, while the three-dimensional point density is largest at the origin. Distinguish these measures before locating a most probable radius.