動詞

あなたのルームメイトは3variant of 晚晩wǎnto link連liánJapanese variant of 续続xùで(bound form) up上shàngのrank or step階jiēのカラオケについてnot不bùJapanese variant of 满満mǎnをwords言yánっていた。一緒yī xùに(bound form) up上shàngへOK / to walk行xíngくことをproposal提案tí ànすると、suddenly突然tū ránto wash洗xǐわなければならないコップがto appear見jiànつかった。あなたはドアフレームにもたれかかり、smile微笑wēi xiàoむ。

to show understanding谅liàng + Subject + Verb Phrase — "monarch君jūnならvariant of 绝絶juéJapanese variant of 对対duìしないだろう"

colloquial speech口語kǒu yǔの「to show understanding谅liàng」は、小規模xiǎo guī móでto have confidence in…自信zì xìnにJapanese variant of 满満mǎnちたto raise挑tiāoJapanese variant of 战戦zhàn(modifier / structural particle)的deなJapanese variant of 发発fāwords言yánをto open (transitive or…開kāiく。day-to-day日常rì chángEnglish (language)英語yīng yǔでは「I bet（to bet賭dǔける）」、「I'm sure you wouldn't（monarch君jūnならvariant of 绝絶juéJapanese variant of 对対duìしないだろう）」、あるいは「I'm sure you didn't（monarch君jūnならvariant of 绝絶juéJapanese variant of 对対duìしなかったろう）」をmeaning意味yì wèiする。相手xiāng shǒuを見極jiàn jíめる。トーンはカジュアルで、young少shǎoしto raise挑tiāoJapanese variant of 发発fā(modifier / structural particle)的deである。friend友人yǒu rén同士tóng shìで、who誰shuíかがsee 大夫大dàげさにdialect話huàしたback後hòuにto escape逃táoれようとしたときにto make使shǐう。話者huà zhěはvery非常fēi chángにmany多duōくのsituation場合chǎng hé「I / me我wǒ（personal私sī）」である。to hear聞wénきhand手shǒuが話者huà zhěをalready既jìにto know知zhīっているsituation場合chǎng hé、「I / me我wǒ」はto leave out省略shěng lüèされても「to show understanding谅liàng」がまだa person's clothing行頭xíng tóuをdecoration飾shìる。

to appear形xíng

部品bù pǐnは「to show understanding谅liàng + subject + also也yě + not不bù/not / haven't没méi + verb phrase」としてshear揃jiǎnう。

「to show understanding谅liàng」がfirst最初zuì chūにto come来láiるか、あるいは「I / me我wǒ」のすぐback後hòuにposition位置wèi zhìする。subject (in grammar)主語zhǔ yǔはあなたがJapanese variant of 气気qìpower力lìto come来láito judge判断pàn duànするperson人rén：you你nǐ、he / him他tā、she / her她tā、または名前míng qián。「also也yě」は「not不bù」または「not / haven't没méi」の直前zhí qiánにto come来láiる。このペアは「even this person, even now（このperson人rénさえも、今現jīn xiànat / in在zàiさえも）」という推進力tuī jìn lìをand / with与yǔえるため、to raise挑tiāoJapanese variant of 战戦zhàn(modifier / structural particle)的deなJapanese variant of 发発fāwords言yánがto be convinced確信què xìnにJapanese variant of 满満mǎnちてto hear聞wénこえる。verb動詞dòng císentence句jùはaction行為xíng wèiを名指míng zhǐしする。

「not不bù」は often matches "wouldn't," for a general lack of nerve or for an act still ahead. not / haven't没méi matches one past occasion when the act did not happen. to dare敢gǎn is the usual verb, because the tease is about nerve. Another verb still fits when you are simply sure the act will not happen, or did not happen. To a classmate who swore to appear, to show understanding谅liàngyou你nǐalso也yěnot / haven't没méito go去qù (Liàng nǐ yě méi qù) is the same pattern.

This tease strongly tends to keep also也yě and a negative together. A positive line such as to show understanding谅liàngyou你nǐto dare敢gǎnto go去qù (Liàng nǐ gǎn qù) leaves the "wouldn't dare" meaning, so use positive to show understanding谅liàng only when you truly want a different remark. Time and place take their usual seats, often after the subject and before also也yě, as in to show understanding谅liàngyou你nǐnow现在xiàn zàialso也yě不敢bù gǎnvariant of 说说shuō (Liàng nǐ xiàn zài yě bù gǎn shuō). Keep the person, the place, and the object inside the verb phrase.

With friends, the dare is often playful. The same words, aimed at a teacher, a boss, or a stranger, can sound rude. It lives in informal speech.

例文lì wén

The cook is at the canteen window, and your colleague starts another complaint. You smile and say:

我谅wǒ liàngyou你nǐalso也yě不敢bù gǎnto sb's face当面dāng miànwith / and跟gēncook厨师chú shī提意见tí yì jiàn。

Wǒ liàng nǐ yě bù gǎn dāng miàn gēn chú shī tí yì jiàn. I bet you wouldn't dare raise it with the cook face to face.

Your younger brother spent the evening saying he would admit the foul to the coach himself. Practice ends, and he says nothing. Afterwards you tell him:

to show understanding谅liàngyou你nǐat once当时dāng shíalso也yě没敢méi gǎntowards向xiànginstructor教练jiào liànto admit承认chéng rènoneself自己zì jǐto break the rules犯规fàn guī。

Liàng nǐ dāng shí yě méi gǎn xiàng jiào liàn chéng rèn zì jǐ fàn guī. I bet you didn't dare admit your own foul to the coach then.

Japanese variant of 对対duìthan / compared to比bǐ

I / me我wǒto guess猜cāiyou你nǐ不敢bù gǎnto ask问wèn。I / me我wǒto estimate估计gū jìhe / him他tāimprobable不会bú huìto go去qù。

Wǒ cāi nǐ bù gǎn wèn. Wǒ gū jì tā bú huì qù. These are calm guesses for a parent, a teammate, or a meeting.

to show understanding谅liàngyou你nǐalso也yě不敢bù gǎnto ask问wèn。

Liàng nǐ yě bù gǎn wèn. This aims at the listener and issues a challenge in casual talk.

I / me我wǒto bet打赌dǎ dǔtomorrow明天míng tiāncan / will会huìto rain下雨xià yǔ。

Wǒ dǎ dǔ míng tiān huì xià yǔ. to bet打赌dǎ dǔ can start a real bet about a fact. In this pattern, to show understanding谅liàng judges a person's nerve and strongly prefers a negative verb phrase.

to understand谅解liàng jiěyou你nǐ不敢bù gǎnvariant of 说说shuō。

Liàng jiě nǐ bù gǎn shuō. to understand谅解liàng jiě means "forgive" or "see why something was hard," so this shows sympathy. The dare needs to show understanding谅liàng, a subject, also也yě, and not不bù or not / haven't没méi.

he / him他tāalso也yě不敢bù gǎnto go forward进jìn。to show understanding谅liànghe / him他tāalso也yě不敢bù gǎnto go forward进jìn。

Tā yě bù gǎn jìn. Liàng tā yě bù gǎn jìn. The first means "he wouldn't dare go in either," continuing an earlier remark. to show understanding谅liàng at the front makes that remark into the bet.

she / her她tāerhua variant of 差点差点儿chà diǎn érto knock on a door敲门qiāo mén。我谅wǒ liàngshe / her她tāalso也yě没敢méi gǎnto knock on a door敲门qiāo mén。

Tā chà diǎnr qiāo mén. Wǒ liàng tā yě méi gǎn qiāo mén. The first means the knock almost happened. The second means you are sure she lacked the nerve. Keep erhua variant of 差点差点儿chà diǎn ér out of the dare so the two stories stay apart.

to practice練習liàn xí

1. 話者huà zhěはwhat何héをしているか。 我谅wǒ liàngyou你nǐalso也yě不敢bù gǎn一个yí gè人去rén qùto try to find找zhǎolandlord房东fáng dōng。 A. Forgiving you for going to see the landlord alone. B. Daring you, sure you would not go to see the landlord alone. C. Asking you to introduce a landlord to a friend.

2. Last night he promised to return the camera to his colleague. This morning the camera is still on his desk. Which line fits the spoken dare and these facts? A. 我谅wǒ liànghe / him他tāyesterday evening昨晚zuó wǎnalso也yě没敢méi gǎn(把: marks the object)把bǎcamera (abbr. for 照相机)相机xiàng jīto return sth to sb还给huán gěicolleague同事tóng shì。 B. 我谅wǒ liànghe / him他tāyesterday evening昨晚zuó wǎnalso也yěto dare敢gǎnnot / haven't没méi(把: marks the object)把bǎcamera (abbr. for 照相机)相机xiàng jīto return sth to sb还给huán gěicolleague同事tóng shì。 C. 我谅wǒ liànghe / him他tāyesterday evening昨晚zuó wǎnalso也yě没敢méi gǎn(把: marks the object)把bǎcamera (abbr. for 照相机)相机xiàng jīto return sth to sb还给huán gěicolleague同事tóng shì，actually其实qí shíhe / him他tāalready已经yǐ jīngstill / also还hái(completed / change)了le。

3. Your friend says the library late fee is unfair, and the desk clerk is free. Build one spoken dare. Use every piece once, in the pattern to show understanding谅liàng + subject + also也yě + not不bù + verb phrase. variant of 说说shuō / also也yě / with / and跟gēnmanager管理员guǎn lǐ yuán / 我谅wǒ liàng / to go去qù / you你nǐ / to dare敢gǎn / not不bù

4. She never opened the door. Rewrite the line as one spoken dare about her nerve. Use also也yě and not / haven't没méi, include to dare敢gǎn, and keep the manager's office and the door. she / her她tāerhua variant of 差点差点儿chà diǎn érto push open (a gate etc)推开tuī kāi(completed / change)了lemanager经理jīng lǐoffice办公室bàn gōng shì(modifier / structural particle)的degate门mén。

5. At the project meeting, a teammate has been unhappy with the data slide. The teacher sits down with the group. Write one spoken dare aimed at that teammate. Include 我谅wǒ liàng, also也yě, not不bù, and to dare敢gǎn, and mention the teacher and that slide.

6. Friday (used in ancient…金曜日jīn yào rì、いとこは閉店bì diànfront前qiánにJapanese variant of 图図túteashop with performance by…書館shū guǎnのカウンターへsmall小xiǎovariant of 说説shuōをto return (to)返fǎnすことをto restrict約束yuē shùした。Monday (used in ancient…月曜日yuè yào rìになってもnovel小说xiǎo shuōは彼女bǐ nǚのデスクの(bound form) up上shàngにある。language文wénをtwo二èrつbook書shūけ。first第一dì yīlanguage文wénでは、Friday (used in ancient…金曜日jīn yào rìのことについてto show understanding谅liàng（推量tuī liàng）、also也yě（も）、not / haven't没méi（なかった）をto make使shǐい、counter と novel をto keep維持wéi chíしつつ dare her （彼女bǐ nǚにto raise挑tiāoJapanese variant of 发発fāする）。second第二dì èrlanguage文wénでは、to leave別biéのrelatives親族qīn zúにJapanese variant of 对対duìして calm guess （Japanese variant of 稳穏wěnやかなspeculation推測tuī cè）を、see 胡同同tóngJapanese variant of 样様yàngの counter とsee 胡同同tóngじ novel について、I / me我wǒto estimate估计gū jì（personal私sīのspeculation推測tuī cèによると）をto make使shǐい、to show understanding谅liàng をto keep in the mouth含hánまないto appear形xíngでto do作zuòれ。

to solve (a problem)解答jiě dá

1. B. to show understanding谅liàng は also也yě と 不敢bù gǎn をpartner伴bànい、to hear聞wénきhand手shǒuに dare （to raise挑tiāoJapanese variant of 发発fāする）。to understand谅解liàng jiě は forgiving （to allow許xǔす）のための言葉yán yèである。我量wǒ liàngyou你nǐalso也yěto dare敢gǎn一个yí gè人去rén qùto try to find找zhǎolandlord房东fáng dōng。personal私sīはあなたが一人yī rénでおlandlord房东fáng dōng（everyone大家dà jiā）をto appear見jiànにいくcourage胆力dǎn lìがないとletter信xìnじる。fourth tone in Mandarin第四声dì sì shēngの (measure word)个gè のfront前qiánでは、one / a一yī は yí となる。

2. A. last night昨夜zuó yèはend終zhōngわっており、カメラはまだ(bound form) machine机jīの(bound form) up上shàngにあるため、that彼bǐがto dare敢gǎnえてoperation行動xíng dòngしなかったことをwatch (timepiece)表biǎoす「没敢méi gǎn」がapt適切shì qièである。B のto deploy配置pèi zhì（to dare敢gǎn before not / haven't没méi）はmistake誤wùりである。C はthat彼bǐがalready既jìにto return (to)返fǎnしたと(bound form) to state述shùべており、matter事shìJapanese variant of 实実shíにcontrary反fǎnする。「Wǒ liàng tā zuó wǎn yě méi gǎn bǎ xiàng jī huán gěi tóng shì.」（that彼bǐはlast night昨夜zuó yèもcolleague同僚tóng liáoにカメラをto return (to)返fǎnそうとはto think思sīわなかったろう）となる。

3. 我谅wǒ liàngyou你nǐalso也yě不敢bù gǎnto go去qùwith / and跟gēnmanager管理员guǎn lǐ yuánvariant of 说说shuō。 「Wǒ liàng nǐ yě bù gǎn qù gēn guǎn lǐ yuán shuō.」（あなたはto connect係xìりにdialect話huàしにOK / to walk行xíngこうともto think思sīわないだろう）。「also也yě」は直前zhí qiánに「不敢bù gǎn」をto install置zhìき、to connect係xìperson人rénはverb動詞dòng císentence句jùのto hit (the mark)中zhōngにvariant of 收収shōuまる。「我谅wǒ liàngyou你nǐalso也yě不敢bù gǎnwith / and跟gēnmanager管理员guǎn lǐ yuánto go去qùvariant of 说说shuō (Wǒ liàng nǐ yě bù gǎn gēn guǎn lǐ yuán qù shuō)」はsee 胡同同tóngじパターンのto tell to語yǔclass彙huìをto use使用shǐ yòngしており、これもstraight正zhèngacrobatic display (esp. on…解jiěである。

4. 我谅wǒ liàngshe / her她tāalso也yě没敢méi gǎnto push open (a gate etc)推开tuī kāimanager经理jīng lǐoffice办公室bàn gōng shì(modifier / structural particle)的degate门mén。 「Wǒ liàng tā yě méi gǎn tuī kāi jīng lǐ bàn gōng shì de mén.」（彼女bǐ nǚはhead of a (government etc)…部長bù zhǎngのオフィスのドアをto open (transitive or…開kāiけようともto think思sīわなかったろう）。「erhua variant of 差点差点儿chà diǎn ér」はdanger危wēiうくto avoid避bìけたことをto inform報告bào gàoするsituation場合chǎng héにto make使shǐう。「not / haven't没méi」はドアがto open (transitive or…開kāiかずにend終zhōngわったto complete完成wán chéngしたin an instant瞬間shùn jiānにunanimous一致yí zhìする。「我谅wǒ liàngshe / her她tāalso也yě没敢méi gǎnto push open (a gate etc)推开tuī kāimanager经理jīng lǐoffice办公室bàn gōng shì(modifier / structural particle)的degate门mén, without I / me我wǒ, is also fine.」（I / me我wǒを(bound form) to scrutinize省shěngいた「to show understanding谅liàngshe / her她tāalso也yě没敢méi gǎnto push open (a gate etc)推开tuī kāimanager经理jīng lǐoffice办公室bàn gōng shì(modifier / structural particle)的degate门mén」でもto construct構gòuわない）。

5. 我谅wǒ liàngyou你nǐalso也yě不敢bù gǎnwith / and跟gēnteacher老师lǎo shīvariant of 说说shuōthat那nà一页yī yè(modifier / structural particle)的dedata数据shù jùto have / there is有yǒuquestion问题wèn tí。 我量wǒ liàngyou你nǐalso也yěto dare敢gǎnwith / and跟gēnteacher老师lǎo shīvariant of 说说shuōthat那nà一页yī yè(modifier / structural particle)的dedata数据shù jùto have / there is有yǒuquestion问题wèn tí。personal私sīはあなたがteacher先生xiān shēngに、あのページの data がquestion問題wèn tíがあるとwords言yánうcourage胆力dǎn lìがないとletter信xìnじる。Close wording is fine when it keeps 我谅wǒ liàng, also也yě, not不bù, to dare敢gǎn, the teacher, and the data slide. fourth tone in Mandarin第四声dì sì shēngの page页yè のfront前qiánでは、one / a一yī は yí となる。

6. 我谅wǒ liàngyou你nǐFriday周五zhōu wǔalso也yě没敢méi gǎnto go去qùlibrary图书馆tú shū guǎnvariant of 柜台柜台guì táistill / also还hái那本nà běnnovel小说xiǎo shuō。 「Wǒ liàng nǐ zhōu wǔ yě méi gǎn qù tú shū guǎn guì tái huán nà běn xiǎo shuō.」（あなたはFriday (used in ancient…金曜日jīn yào rìにJapanese variant of 图図túteashop with performance by…書館shū guǎnのカウンターでそのsmall小xiǎovariant of 说説shuōをto return (to)返fǎnそうとはto think思sīわなかったろう） I / me我wǒto estimate估计gū jìshe / her她tāFriday周五zhōu wǔnot / haven't没méito go去qùlibrary图书馆tú shū guǎnvariant of 柜台柜台guì táistill / also还hái那本nà běnnovel小说xiǎo shuō。 「Wǒ gū jì tā zhōu wǔ méi qù tú shū guǎn guì tái huán nà běn xiǎo shuō.」（personal私sīは彼女bǐ nǚがFriday (used in ancient…金曜日jīn yào rìにJapanese variant of 图図túteashop with performance by…書館shū guǎnのカウンターでそのsmall小xiǎovariant of 说説shuōをto return (to)返fǎnしにはOK / to walk行xíngかなかったとto appear見jiàn(Japanese kokuji) to be…込yūむ） Friday is finished, so the dare uses not / haven't没méi. The second sentence speaks to someone else, so it uses she / her她tā and I / me我wǒto estimate估计gū jì. I / me我wǒto estimate估计gū jìshe / her她tāFriday周五zhōu wǔ没敢méi gǎnto go去qùlibrary图书馆tú shū guǎnvariant of 柜台柜台guì táistill / also还hái那本nà běnnovel小说xiǎo shuō is also fine. Friday (used in ancient…金曜日jīn yào rìはend終zhōngわっているので、dare は not / haven't没méi をto make使shǐう。second第二dì èrlanguage文wénはothers他者tā zhěにtowards向xiàngけてdialect話huàしているため、she / her她tā と I / me我wǒto estimate估计gū jì をto make使shǐう。