Enduring Understanding (MOD-2): Economists use the aggregate demand–aggregate supply model to represent the relationship between the price level and aggregate output in an economy and to illustrate how output, employment, and the price level respond to macroeconomic shocks.
Learning Objective MOD-2.A: a. Define (using graphs as appropriate) the aggregate demand (AD) curve. b. Explain (using graphs as appropriate) the slope of the AD curve and its determinants.
- MOD-2.A.1 The aggregate demand (AD) curve describes the relationship between the price level and the quantity of goods and services demanded by households (consumption), firms (investment), government (government spending), and the rest of the world (net exports).
- MOD-2.A.2 The negative slope of the AD curve is explained by the real wealth effect, the interest rate effect, and the exchange rate effect. [See EK MKT-3.A.1]
- MOD-2.A.3 Any change in the components of aggregate demand (consumption, investment, government spending, or net exports) that is not due to changes in the price level leads to a shift of the AD curve.
持続的認識(MOD-2): 経済学者は、価格水準と経済内の総生産量の関係を表現し、マクロ経済ショックに対する生産量、雇用、および価格水準の反応を示すために、総需要・総供給モデルを使用する。
学習目標 MOD-2.A: a. 総需要(AD)曲線を定義せよ(必要な場合は図を用いる)。 b. AD曲線の傾きとその決定要因を説明せよ(必要な場合は図を用いる)。
- MOD-2.A.1 総需要(AD)曲線は、価格水準と、家計(消費)、企業(投資)、政府(政府支出)、および国外(純輸出)が要求する財・サービスの数量との関係を表す。
- MOD-2.A.2 AD曲線の負の傾きは、実質富効果、利子率効果、為替レート効果によって説明される。[EK MKT-3.A.1参照]
- MOD-2.A.3 価格水準の変化に起因しない総需要の構成要素(消費、投資、政府支出、または純輸出)の変化は、AD曲線のシフトをもたらす。
