接続詞および条件

このトピックがreligion教jiàoえること

接续词jiē xù cíand / with与yǔcondition条件tiáo jiàn：or或者huò zhě vs or / still还是hái shì（most最zuì常考cháng kǎo(modifier / structural particle)的de“or”pitfall陷阱xiàn jǐng），if only只要zhǐ yào……then / just就jiù…… and / with和hé only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu……only then / not until才cái……，besides除了chú le……(apart from以外yǐ wài)，in order to为了wèi le vs because因为yīn wèi，as well as以及yǐ jíone's conduct作为zuò wéicolloquial speech口语kǒu yǔto hit (the mark)中zhōng“like that那么nà me”(modifier / structural particle)的de that那nà/like that那么nà me。

or或者huò zhě vs or / still还是hái shì：an assertion陈述chén shù vs to question提问tí wèn

or或者huò zhě at / in在zàideclarative sentence陈述句chén shù jùto hit (the mark)中zhōnga list列举liè jǔoption选项xuǎn xiàng：coffee (loanword)咖啡kā fēior或者huò zhětea茶chá都行dōu xíng — coffee (loanword)咖啡kā fēimaybe或huòtea茶cháall / both都dōucan / may可以kě yǐ，both sides两者liǎng zhěall皆jiēused in 可汗可kě not / haven't没méiquestion问题wèn tí。

or / still还是hái shì to request要求yāo qiúlistener听者tīng zhěto put out做出zuò chūto select选择xuǎn zé：you你nǐwant / will / need要yàoto drink tea喝茶hē cháor / still还是hái shìcoffee (loanword)咖啡kā fēi？ — want / will / need要yàotea茶cháor / still还是hái shìwant / will / need要yàocoffee (loanword)咖啡kā fēi？

this这zhèto be / is是shìmost最zuì常考cháng kǎo(modifier / structural particle)的de“or”pitfall陷阱xiàn jǐng：or或者huò zhěto use in用于yòng yúan assertion陈述chén shù，or / still还是hái shìto use in用于yòng yúto question提问tí wèn。to take note of注意zhù yìdon't不要bú yào重复使用chóng fù shǐ yòng“to be / is是shì”： to be / is是shìwater水shuǐor / still还是hái shìwine (esp. rice wine)酒jiǔ ✓，by no means切勿qiè wù写成xiě chéng to be / is是shìwater水shuǐor / still还是hái shìto be / is是shìwine (esp. rice wine)酒jiǔ。

if only只要zhǐ yào……then / just就jiù…… vs only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu……only then / not until才cái……

if only只要zhǐ yàoyou你nǐ努力学习nǔ lì xué xí，then / just就jiùcan / will会huìto have / there is有yǒuprogress进步jìn bù。 — if only只要zhǐ yàoyou你nǐto make an effort努力nǔ lì，then / just就jiùcan / will会huìto acquire取得qǔ déprogress进步jìn bù。

only have ...只有zhǐ yǒuto make an effort努力nǔ lì，talent才能cái néng做好zuò hǎoto work工作gōng zuò。 — only have ...只有zhǐ yǒuto make an effort努力nǔ lìto work工作gōng zuò，talent才能cái néng(把: marks the object)把bǎto work工作gōng zuò做好zuò hǎo。

if only只要zhǐ yào = “only只zhǐto need需要xū yào……”（充分条件chōng fèn tiáo jiàn——any任何rèn héfeasible可行kě xíng(modifier / structural particle)的deway途径tú jìng）→ to pair up搭配dā pèi then / just就jiù。only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu = “only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi……otherwise否则fǒu zénot不bù……”（requirement必要条件bì yào tiáo jiàn——only唯一wéi yī(modifier / structural particle)的deway途径tú jìng）→ to pair up搭配dā pèi only then / not until才cái（常为cháng wèi talent才能cái néng）。to lock (a door)锁定suǒ dìng to fix固定gù dìngto pair up搭配dā pèi：if only只要zhǐ yào…then / just就jiù…, only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu…only then / not until才cái…。

The effort only then / not until才cái： 那本书nà běn shūI / me我wǒto see看kàn(completed / change)了le两遍liǎng biànonly then / not until才cáito see看kànto understand懂dǒng。 — 那本书nà běn shū我读wǒ dú(completed / change)了le两遍liǎng biànonly then / not until才cáiclear明白míng bái。 twice. This only then / not until才cái spotlights how much it took, and takes no (completed / change)了le.

besides除了chú le……(apart from以外yǐ wài)

besides除了chú leapart from以外yǐ wài used in 可汗可kěto express / indicate表示biǎo shì“besides除了chú le”（to get rid of除chúhe / him他tāoutside之外zhī wàinot / haven't没méiperson人rénto know知道zhī dào）maybe或huò“besides此外cǐ wài”（apart from this除此之外chú cǐ zhī wàifurthermore还有hái yǒu）。 to read阅读yuè dúnext其后qí hòu(modifier / structural particle)的declause (grammar)分句fēn jùto use以yǐto judge判断pàn duànsentence句子jù zi(modifier / structural particle)的dedirection走向zǒu xiàng。

in order to为了wèi le vs because因为yīn wèi

in order to为了wèi le aims forward at a purpose: in order to为了wèi lehealth健康jiàn kāng，I / me我wǒto toughen锻炼duàn liàn — for the sake of health, I exercise. because因为yīn wèi looks backward at a cause: because因为yīn wèi我病wǒ bìng(completed / change)了le，so / therefore所以suǒ yǐI / me我wǒrest休息xiū xī — because I'm ill, I rest. The (completed / change)了le in in order to为了wèi le is glued into the word.

that那nà / like that那么nà me: that being so

he / him他tānot不bùto listen to听tīng，that那nàI / me我wǒshould应该yīng gāiwhat's to be done怎么办zěn me bàn？ — He won't listen — so what should I do?

that那nà(variant of 么么me) reacts to what was just said and draws a suggestion — the conversational "then". It is not so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ， which states cause→effect inside one thought. A bare that那nà is the most natural in speech.

Try it. One or或者huò zhě statement, one or / still还是hái shì question, one if only只要zhǐ yào promise, one only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu rule.

to take note of注意zhù yì

• or或者huò zhě and or / still还是hái shì never swap: the moment you want the listener to choose, switch to or / still还是hái shì.

to go and return復fù(bound form) to practice習xí

1. Which "or" must you switch to when the listener must choose?
2. Which pair does if only只要zhǐ yào take, and which only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu?
3. to see看kàn(completed / change)了le两遍liǎng biànonly then / not until才cáito see看kànto understand懂dǒng — what does this only then / not until才cái spotlight?
4. in order to为了wèi le or because因为yīn wèi in: ……health健康jiàn kāng，I / me我wǒ早睡zǎo shuì。
5. that那nàI / me我wǒshould该gāiwhat's to be done怎么办zěn me bàn？ — is that那nà the same as so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ？

(Answers: 1. or / still还是hái shì. 2. if only只要zhǐ yào takes then / just就jiù； only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu takes only then / not until才cái (often talent才能cái néng). 3. The effort it took — two readings. 4. in order to为了wèi le — purpose aiming forward. 5. No — that那nà reacts conversationally; so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ states cause→effect.)