Money and banking · 货币与银行
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| money/ˈmʌni/ | 货币 | huò bì |
| barter/ˈbɑːtə/ | 物物交换 | wù wù jiāo huàn |
| medium of exchange/ˈmiːdɪəm ɒv eksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ | 交换媒介 | jiāo huàn méi jiè |
| store of value/stɔː ɒv ˈvæljuː/ | 价值储藏 | jià zhí chǔ cáng |
| unit of account/ˈjuːnɪt ɒv əˈkaʊnt/ | 记账单位 | jì zhàng dān wèi |
| central bank/ˈsentrəl bæŋk/ | 中央银行 | zhōng yāng yín háng |
| commercial banks/kəˈmɜːʃl bæŋks/ | 商业银行 | shāng yè yín háng |
| interest rates/ˈɪntrest reɪts/ | 利率 | lì lǜ |
Before money 货币, there was barter 物物交换
- To swap your chickens for shoes, you had to find a shoemaker who happened to want chickens. Exhausting.
- Money solved that problem — and powers every modern economy.
在货币之前,有易货
- 要用你的鸡换鞋,你必须找到一个碰巧想要鸡的鞋匠。令人筋疲力尽。
- 货币(money)解决了那个问题——并驱动每个现代经济。
Economics case lab · 经济学案例实验室
Classify real examples by the economic idea they show. · 根据所展示的经济学概念对真实案例进行分类。
Which are functions of money? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些是货币的职能？（选择所有适用项。）
Money is a medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account and standard of deferred payment. · 货币是交换媒介、价值储藏手段、计价单位和延期支付标准。
Money removes the need for barter's: · 货币消除了物物交换对：
Barter needs both parties to want what the other offers — money avoids this. · 物物交换需要双方都想要对方提供的东西——货币避免了这种情况。
Because money keeps its worth over time, it acts as a store of ______. · 由于货币能随时间保持价值，它充当了______的手段。
Store of value lets people save. · 价值储藏手段让人们能够储蓄。
The four functions of money
- Medium of exchange 交换媒介: accepted in payment, so no barter needed.
- Store of value 价值储藏: keeps its worth over time, so you can save.
- Unit of account 记账单位: a common measure of prices.
- Standard of deferred payment: lets you borrow and repay later.
Money — banknotes and coins — works as a medium of exchange, a store of value, a unit of account, and a means of deferred payment
货币的四种功能
- 交换媒介(medium of exchange):被接受作为付款,所以不需要易货。
- 价值储存(store of value):随时间保持它的价值,所以你能储蓄。
- 记账单位(unit of account):价格的一个共同度量。
- 延期支付标准(standard of deferred payment):让你借款并以后偿还。
货币——纸币和硬币——作为一个交换媒介、一个价值储存、一个记账单位和一个延期支付的手段
Modern money is valuable mainly because people accept it, not because of its material. · 现代货币的价值主要源于人们的接受度，而非其材质。
Fiat money works through general acceptability. · 法定货币通过普遍接受性发挥作用。
What makes good money
- It must be acceptable, durable, portable, divisible, scarce and hard to forge.
- Modern money is mostly numbers in bank accounts, not notes and coins.
The four functions of money: a medium of exchange, a store of value, a unit of account, and a means of deferred payment
什么构成好的货币
- 它必须可接受、耐用、便携、可分割、稀缺和难以伪造。
- 现代货币大部分是银行账户中的数字,不是纸币和硬币。
货币的四种功能:一个交换媒介、一个价值储存、一个记账单位和一个延期支付的手段
Setting the interest rate is the job of the: · 设定利率是______的职责：
The central bank sets interest rates and issues currency. · 中央银行设定利率并发行货币。
Banks and the central bank 中央银行
- Commercial banks 商业银行 accept deposits, make loans, and enable payments.
- The central bank issues currency, sets interest rates 利率, and acts as banker to the government.
Money needn't have its own value. Modern "fiat" money is worth something only because everyone accepts it — not because it is gold. Acceptability is the key characteristic.
银行和中央银行
- 商业银行(commercial banks)接受存款、发放贷款,并促成支付。
- 中央银行(central bank)发行货币、设定利率,并充当政府的银行家。
货币不必有它自己的价值。 现代"法定"(fiat)货币有价值只是因为每个人接受它——不是因为它是黄金。可接受性是关键特征。
You've got it
- money's four functions: medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account, deferred payment
- good money is acceptable, durable, portable, divisible and scarce
- commercial banks lend and take deposits; the central bank sets interest rates
你掌握了
- 货币的四种功能:交换媒介、价值储存、记账单位、延期支付
- 好的货币可接受、耐用、便携、可分割且稀缺
- 商业银行放贷和接受存款;中央银行设定利率