Households · 家庭
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| income/ˈɪŋkʌm/ | 收入 | shōu rù |
| borrowing/ˈbɒrəʊɪŋ/ | 借贷 | jiè dài |
| saving/ˈseɪvɪŋ/ | 储蓄 | chǔ xù |
| consumption/kənˈsʌmpʃn/ | 消费 | xiāo fèi |
| interest rates/ˈɪntrest reɪts/ | 利率 | lì lǜ |
| confidence/ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ | 信心 | xìn xīn |
| mortgage/ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ/ | 抵押贷款 | dǐ yā dài kuǎn |
Where your money goes
- Every month a household gets income 收入, then splits it three ways: spend it, save it, or pay off borrowing 借贷.
- How families make that split shapes the whole economy.
你的钱去哪里
- 每个月一个家庭得到收入,然后把它三向分割:花掉它、储蓄它,或还清借款。
- 家庭如何做那个分割塑造整个经济。
Economics case lab · 经济学案例实验室
Classify real examples by the economic idea they show. · 根据所展示的经济学概念对真实案例进行分类。
Saving is best defined as: · 储蓄最好定义为：
Saving is the part of income not consumed. · 储蓄是收入中未被消费的部分。
Household spending on goods and services is also called . · 家庭对商品和服务的支出也被称为。
Consumption is the economic term for household spending. · 消费是家庭经济学术语，指家庭支出。
Spending, saving 储蓄, borrowing
- Spending (consumption 消费) rises with income, but usually by less than income rises.
- Saving is income not spent; borrowing lets you spend more than current income.
Households split their income between spending, saving and borrowing
花费、储蓄、借贷
- 花费(消费)(spending,consumption)随收入上升,但通常比收入上升得少。
- 储蓄(saving)是没花的收入;借贷(borrowing)让你花得比当前收入更多。
家庭把收入分配在消费、储蓄和借贷之间
A rise in interest rates is likely to: · 利率上升可能会导致：
Higher rates reward saving and make borrowing dearer. · 较高的利率奖励储蓄并使借贷成本更高。
If households become pessimistic about the future, they are likely to: · 如果家庭对未来感到悲观，他们可能会：
Fear raises precautionary saving. · 恐惧会增加预防性储蓄。
What affects spending and saving
- Income: richer households save a larger share.
- Interest rates 利率: high rates reward saving and discourage borrowing.
- Confidence 信心: optimism raises spending; fear raises saving.
A household can spend, save or pay tax with its income
什么影响花费和储蓄
- 收入:更富的家庭储蓄更大的份额。
- 利率:高利率奖励储蓄并抑制借贷。
- 信心:乐观提高花费;恐惧提高储蓄。
Low-income households tend to spend a larger proportion of their income than high-income households. · 低收入家庭往往比高收入家庭花费更大比例的收入。
They have little left over to save. · 他们几乎没有剩余可用于储蓄。
Different households behave differently
- Low-income households spend almost all they earn (little left to save).
- High-income households save a larger proportion.
Worked example. When interest rates rise, mortgage 抵押贷款 repayments cost more, so households cut back spending and try to save — one way the central bank cools an economy.
不同的家庭行为不同
- 低收入家庭几乎花掉他们赚的所有(很少剩下储蓄)。
- 高收入家庭储蓄更大的比例。
例题。 当利率上升时,抵押贷款还款成本更高,所以家庭削减花费并试图储蓄——中央银行给一个经济降温的一种方式。
You've got it
- households spend, save, or repay borrowing out of income
- spending rises with income, but saving rises faster at high incomes
- interest rates and confidence shift the balance between spending and saving
你掌握了
- 家庭从收入中花费、储蓄或偿还借贷
- 花费随收入上升,但储蓄在高收入时上升得更快
- 利率和信心改变花费与储蓄之间的平衡