Mixed economic system · 混合经济体制
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| mixed economy/mɪkst ɪˈkɒnəmi/ | 混合经济 | hùn hé jīng jì |
| private sector/ˈpraɪvət ˈsektə/ | 私营部门 | sī yíng bù mén |
| public sector/ˈpʌblɪk ˈsektə/ | 公共部门 | gōng gòng bù mén |
| public goods/ˈpʌblɪk ɡʊdz/ | 公共物品 | gōng gòng wù pǐn |
| merit goods/ˈmerɪt ɡʊdz/ | 有益物品 | yǒu yì wù pǐn |
| subsidises/ˈsʌbsɪdaɪzɪz/ | 补贴 | bǔ tiē |
| redistributes/ˌriːˈdɪstrɪbjuːts/ | 再分配 | zài fēn pèi |
| inequality/ɪniːˈkwɒlɪti/ | 不平等 | bù píng děng |
The best of both worlds?
- Pure markets ignore pollution and the poor. Pure planning is slow and wasteful.
- Almost every country picks a middle path — the mixed economic system.
两全其美?
- 纯粹的市场忽略污染和穷人。纯粹的计划缓慢而浪费。
- 几乎每个国家都选择一条中间道路——混合经济体系(mixed economic system)。
Economics case lab · 经济学案例实验室
Classify real examples by the economic idea they show. · 根据所展示的经济学概念对真实案例进行分类。
A mixed economy combines: · 混合经济结合了:
Markets allocate most resources; the government corrects failures. · 市场分配大部分资源;政府纠正市场失灵。
Firms and markets make up the ______ sector of a mixed economy. · 企业和市场构成了混合经济的______部门。
The private sector contrasts with the government-run public sector. · 私营部门与政府运营的公共部门形成对比。
What a mixed economy 混合经济 is
- A mixed economy combines a private sector 私营部门 (firms, markets) with a public sector 公共部门 (government).
- Markets do most of the allocating; the government corrects failures and provides essentials.
A mixed economy combines private businesses with a government sector
一个混合经济是什么
- 一个混合经济(mixed economy)结合一个私营部门(private sector,企业、市场)和一个公共部门(public sector,政府)。
- 市场做大部分配置;政府纠正失灵并提供必需品。

混合经济把私营企业和政府部门结合在一起
In a mixed economy, the government typically: (Select all that apply.) · 在混合经济中,政府通常:(选择所有适用项。)
It corrects failures and provides essentials, but does not plan every price. · 它纠正失灵并提供必需品,但不计划所有价格。
Healthcare and education funded by the state are examples of: · 由国家资助的医疗和教育是以下哪项的示例:
Merit goods are under-consumed if left to the market, so the state provides them. · 如果任由市场调节,准公共物品的消费量会不足,因此由国家提供。
What the government does
- Provides public goods 公共物品 (defence, roads) and merit goods 有益物品 (schools, hospitals).
- Taxes harmful goods, subsidises 补贴 beneficial ones, and redistributes 再分配 income to reduce inequality 不平等.
政府做什么
- 提供公共物品(国防、道路)和优值物品(merit goods,学校、医院)。
- 对有害物品征税,补贴有益的,并再分配收入以减少不平等。
More government intervention can improve equality but risk inefficiency. · 更多的政府干预可能改善平等,但可能导致效率低下。
The mixed economy balances efficiency against fairness. · 混合经济在效率与公平之间取得平衡。
Finding the balance
- More government → more equality and correction, but risk of inefficiency.
- More market → more efficiency and choice, but more failure and inequality.
Worked example. The UK runs markets for most goods but funds the NHS and state schools from taxes — a classic mixed economy balancing efficiency with fairness.
找到平衡
- 更多政府 → 更多平等和纠正,但有低效的风险。
- 更多市场 → 更多效率和选择,但更多失灵和不平等。
例题。 英国为大多数物品运行市场,但用税收资助 NHS(国民医疗服务)和公立学校——一个平衡效率与公平的经典混合经济。
You've got it
- a mixed economy = private markets + a public sector
- government provides public/merit goods, taxes harms, subsidises benefits, redistributes
- the balance trades efficiency against equality and correcting failure
你掌握了
- 一个混合经济 = 私营市场 + 一个公共部门
- 政府提供公共/优值物品,对有害的征税,补贴有益的,再分配
- 平衡在效率与平等和纠正失灵之间权衡