Market economic system · 市场经济体系
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| market economic system/ˈmɑːkɪt ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈsɪstəm/ | 市场经济体制 | shì chǎng jīng jì tǐ zhì |
| profit motive/ˈprɒfɪt ˈməʊtɪv/ | 利润动机 | lì rùn dòng jī |
| efficiency/ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ | 效率 | xiào lǜ |
| innovation/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ | 创新 | chuàng xīn |
| market failure/ˈmɑːkɪt ˈfeɪlɪə/ | 市场失灵 | shì chǎng shī líng |
| inequality/ɪniːˈkwɒlɪti/ | 不平等 | bù píng děng |
| monopolies/məˈnɒpəliz/ | 垄断 | lǒng duàn |
An economy run by prices alone
- Imagine no government in the marketplace at all — just buyers, sellers and prices deciding everything.
- That is the market economic system 市场经济体制, and it has real strengths and real flaws.
仅由价格运行的一个经济
- 想象市场中根本没有政府——只有买方、卖方和价格决定一切。
- 那是市场经济体系(market economic system),而它有真实的强项和真实的缺陷。
In a pure market economy, resources are allocated by: · 在一个纯粹的市场经济中,资源由以下配置:
Prices and profit coordinate decisions in a market system. · 价格和利润在一个市场体系中协调决策。
In a market economy, the ______ motive guides what firms produce. · 在一个市场经济中,______动机引导企业生产什么。
Firms produce what is profitable, following consumer demand. · 企业生产有利可图的东西,跟随消费者需求。
How it works
- Resources are privately owned; decisions are guided by prices and the profit motive 利润动机.
- The three questions — what, how, for whom — are answered by markets, not planners.
In a market economy, prices and the profit motive decide what is produced — buyers and sellers meet in a market
它如何工作
- 资源是私人拥有的;决策由价格和利润动机(profit motive)引导。
- 三个问题——生产什么、如何生产、为谁生产——由市场回答,不是计划者。
在市场经济中,价格和利润动机决定生产什么——买家和卖家在市场里相遇
How a market allocates · 市场如何配置
In a market system, price moves to where demand meets supply — that price signal decides what gets made. Shift the curves and watch it settle. · 在市场体系中,价格移动到需求与供给相遇之处——那个价格信号决定生产什么。移动曲线,看它如何稳定下来。
A strength of the market system is: · 市场体系的一个强项是:
The profit motive drives efficiency and innovation. · 利润动机驱动效率和创新。
Strengths
- Efficiency 效率: firms cut costs and follow consumer wants to make profit.
- Choice and innovation 创新: competition rewards better, cheaper products.
强项
- 效率:企业削减成本并跟随消费者需求以赚取利润。
- 选择和创新:竞争奖励更好、更便宜的产品。
Which are weaknesses of a pure market system? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些是一个纯粹市场体系的弱点?(选择所有适用的。)
Choice is a strength; the others are weaknesses. · 选择是一个强项;其他的是弱点。
Most real economies are pure market systems with no government. · 大多数真实的经济是没有政府的纯粹市场体系。
Real economies are mixed — the pure market system is only a model. · 真实的经济是混合的——纯粹的市场体系只是一个模型。
Weaknesses
- Market failure 市场失灵: some goods aren't provided (public goods), some harms ignored (pollution).
- Inequality 不平等: the poor may not afford essentials; monopolies 垄断 can exploit buyers.
No real economy is purely market. Even the freest economies have some government. The pure market system is a useful model, not a description of any actual country.
弱点
- 市场失灵(market failure):一些物品不被提供(公共物品),一些危害被忽略(污染)。
- 不平等(inequality):穷人可能买不起必需品;垄断能剥削买方。
没有真实的经济是纯粹市场的。 即使最自由的经济也有一些政府。纯粹的市场体系是一个有用的模型,不是对任何实际国家的描述。
You've got it
- a market system allocates by prices and the profit motive, with private ownership
- strengths: efficiency, choice, innovation
- weaknesses: market failure and inequality — why governments step in
你掌握了
- 一个市场体系通过价格和利润动机配置,带私人所有权
- 强项:效率、选择、创新
- 弱点:市场失灵和不平等——政府介入的原因