Reversible reactions and equilibrium · 可逆反应与平衡
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| reversible reaction/rɪˈvɜːsɪbl rɪˈækʃn/ | 可逆反应 | kě nì fǎn yìng |
| dynamic equilibrium/daɪˈnæmɪk ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm/ | 动态平衡 | dòng tài píng héng |
| closed system/kləʊzd ˈsɪstəm/ | 密闭系统 | mì bì xì tǒng |
Reactions that go both ways
- Many reactions can run forwards and backwards at the same time.
- When the two directions balance, the reaction reaches equilibrium.
双向进行的反应
- 许多反应能同时向前和向后运行。
- 当两个方向平衡时,反应达到平衡(equilibrium)。
A reversible reaction is shown by the symbol: · 一个可逆反应由以下符号表示:
The ⇌ sign shows a reversible reaction. · ⇌ 符号表示一个可逆反应。
Reversible reactions 可逆反应
- A reversible reaction can go both ways, shown by a ⇌ sign.
- The products can react to re-form the reactants.
Forward and reverse rates become equal at dynamic equilibrium
可逆反应
- 一个可逆反应(reversible reaction)能双向进行,用一个 ⇌ 符号表示。
- 产物能反应以重新形成反应物。
正反应和逆反应的速率在动态平衡时相等
Reversible reactions & equilibrium · 可逆反应与平衡
the system opposes the change · 系统抵抗变化
Change the conditions and the equilibrium shifts to partly cancel your change. · 改变条件,平衡就移动以部分抵消你的变化。
At dynamic equilibrium, the forward and backward reactions: · 在动态平衡时,正向和反向反应:
Equal rates mean constant amounts. · 相等的速率意味着恒定的量。
Equilibrium can only be reached in a: · 平衡只能在一个以下达到:
A closed system stops anything escaping. · 一个封闭系统阻止任何东西逃逸。
Dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡
- In a closed system 密闭系统, the forward and backward reactions reach the same rate.
- This is dynamic equilibrium: both reactions continue, but the amounts stay constant.
Heating blue copper sulfate drives off water; adding water turns it blue again
动态平衡
- 在一个封闭系统中,正向和反向反应达到相同的速率。
- 这是动态平衡(dynamic equilibrium):两个反应都继续,但量保持恒定。
At equilibrium, the reactions have completely stopped. · 在平衡时,反应已经完全停止。
Both reactions continue at the same rate — it is dynamic. · 两个反应都以相同的速率继续——它是动态的。
Changing temperature, pressure or ______ shifts the equilibrium position. · 改变温度、压强或______移动平衡位置。
The system responds to oppose the change. · 系统作出反应以抵抗变化。
Changing the conditions
- Changing temperature, pressure or concentration shifts the position of equilibrium.
- The system responds to oppose the change (more product or more reactant forms).
Equilibrium is dynamic, not stopped. The forward and backward reactions are still happening — they're just going at the same rate, so the overall amounts don't change.
改变条件
- 改变温度、压强或浓度移动平衡的位置。
- 系统作出反应以抵抗变化(形成更多产物或更多反应物)。
平衡是动态的,不是停止的。 正向和反向反应仍在发生——它们只是以相同的速率进行,所以总的量不变。
You've got it
- a reversible reaction (⇌) goes both ways
- in a closed system it reaches dynamic equilibrium (forward rate = backward rate)
- changing temperature, pressure or concentration shifts the equilibrium position
你掌握了
- 一个可逆反应(⇌)双向进行
- 在一个封闭系统中它达到动态平衡(正向速率 = 反向速率)
- 改变温度、压强或浓度移动平衡位置