Trophic levels and energy loss · 营养级和能量损失
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| trophic level/ˈtrəʊfɪk ˈlevl/ | 营养级 | yíng yǎng jí |
| energy loss/ˈenədʒi lɒs/ | 能量损失 | néng liàng sǔn shī |
Why food chains are short
- Have you noticed food chains rarely have more than four or five links? There's a good reason.
- It's all about how much energy is passed on at each step.
为什么食物链很短
- 你注意到食物链很少有超过四五个环吗?有一个很好的原因。
- 全在于在每一步传递多少能量。
A trophic level is: · 一个营养级是:
Each feeding stage is a trophic level. · 每个摄食阶段是一个营养级。
Trophic levels 营养级
- A trophic level is a feeding stage in a food chain.
- Producer (level 1) → primary consumer (level 2) → secondary consumer (level 3), and so on.
Only about 10% of energy passes up each level, so the levels get smaller
营养级
- 一个营养级(trophic level)是一条食物链中的一个摄食阶段。
- 生产者(第 1 级)→ 初级消费者(第 2 级)→ 次级消费者(第 3 级),以此类推。
只有大约 10% 的能量在每一级向上传递,所以各级变得更小
Trophic levels and energy loss · 营养级和能量损失
Each feeding level passes on only about a tenth of its energy — which is why there are few top predators. · 每个摄食级别只传递它大约十分之一的能量——这就是为什么顶级捕食者很少。
Roughly what percentage of energy is passed to the next trophic level? · 大约多少百分比的能量被传递到下一个营养级?
About 10% is passed on; the rest is lost. · 大约 10% 被传递下去;其余的损失。
How is energy lost between trophic levels? (Select all that apply.) · 能量在营养级之间如何损失?(选择所有适用项。)
Photosynthesis captures energy; the others lose it. · 光合作用捕获能量;其他的损失它。
If producers hold 5000 units of energy, about how many reach the primary consumers (10%)? · 如果生产者持有 5000 单位的能量,大约有多少到达初级消费者(10%)?
10% of 5000 = 500 units. · 5000 的 10% = 500 单位。
Energy loss 能量损失
- Only about 10% of the energy at one level is passed to the next.
- The rest is lost as heat (respiration), movement and undigested waste.
Each level passes on only a fraction of its energy, so the pyramid narrows sharply.
能量损失
- 在一级的能量只有大约 10% 被传递到下一级。
- 其余的作为热量(呼吸作用)、运动和未消化的废物损失。
每一级只传递它能量的一小部分,所以金字塔急剧变窄。
Build the pyramid of energy · 构建能量金字塔
Drag the energy the plants capture and watch only a tenth pass up each level — so the top predator is left with almost nothing. · 拖动植物捕获的能量,看只有十分之一在每一级向上传递——所以顶级捕食者几乎什么都不剩。
Food chains are short because so much energy is lost at each level. · 食物链很短,因为在每一级损失这么多能量。
There is not enough energy to support many levels. · 没有足够的能量来支持许多级。
Why chains are short
- Because so much energy is lost each step, there isn't enough left to support many levels.
- This is why food chains usually have only 4 or 5 links.
Worked example. If producers capture 10,000 units of energy, the primary consumers get about 1,000, the secondary about 100, and the top consumers just 10 — too little to support another level.
为什么链很短
- 因为每一步损失这么多能量,没有足够的剩下来支持许多级。
- 这就是为什么食物链通常只有 4 或 5 个环。
例题。 如果生产者捕获 10,000 单位的能量,初级消费者得到大约 1,000,次级大约 100,顶级消费者只有 10——太少了,无法支持另一级。
You've got it
- a trophic level is a feeding stage; producer → primary → secondary consumer
- only about 10% of energy passes to the next level (rest lost as heat, movement, waste)
- huge energy loss is why food chains are short (4–5 links)
你掌握了
- 一个营养级是一个摄食阶段;生产者 → 初级 → 次级消费者
- 只有大约 10% 的能量传递到下一级(其余作为热量、运动、废物损失)
- 巨大的能量损失是食物链短(4–5 个环)的原因