Sex hormones in humans · 人类的性激素
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| sex hormones/seks ˈhɔːməʊnz/ | 性激素 | xìng jī sù |
| menstrual cycle/ˈmenstruːəl ˈsaɪkl/ | 月经周期 | yuè jīng zhōu qī |
| oestrogen/ˈiːstrədʒn/ | 雌激素 | cí jī sù |
| ovulation/ˌɒvjʊˈleɪʃn/ | 排卵 | pái luǎn |
| progesterone/prəʊˈdʒestərəʊn/ | 孕酮 | yùn tóng |
The hormones of growing up
- At puberty, the body changes dramatically — driven by sex hormones 性激素.
- These same hormones control the monthly menstrual cycle 月经周期.
成长的激素
- 在青春期,身体剧烈地改变——由性激素(sex hormones)驱动。
- 这些同样的激素控制每月的月经周期(menstrual cycle)。
Testosterone is produced mainly in the: · 睾酮主要在以下哪个产生:
Testosterone comes from the testes. · 睾酮来自睾丸。
Oestrogen causes female puberty changes and is made in the: · 雌激素引起女性青春期变化,在以下哪个制造:
The ovaries produce oestrogen. · 卵巢产生雌激素。
Testosterone and oestrogen 雌激素
- Testosterone (from the testes) causes male puberty changes (deeper voice, body hair).
- Oestrogen (from the ovaries) causes female puberty changes and controls the menstrual cycle.
Hormones drive the menstrual cycle each month
睾酮和雌激素
- 睾酮(testosterone,来自睾丸)引起男性青春期变化(更低沉的声音、体毛)。
- 雌激素(oestrogen,来自卵巢)引起女性青春期变化并控制月经周期。
激素每个月驱动月经周期
The menstrual cycle · 月经周期
Hormones control a roughly monthly cycle that prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy. · 激素控制一个大致每月的周期,为一次可能的怀孕准备子宫。
The release of an egg during the menstrual cycle is called: · 在月经周期期间一个卵的释放叫做:
Ovulation is the release of an egg, around day 14. · 排卵是一个卵的释放,在第 14 天左右。
If the egg is not fertilised, the uterus lining breaks down (a period). · 如果卵没有受精,子宫内膜破裂(一次月经)。
The lining is shed if there is no pregnancy. · 如果没有怀孕,内膜脱落。
The roughly monthly cycle controlled by sex hormones is the ______ cycle. · 由性激素控制的大致每月的周期是______周期。
It lasts about 28 days. · 它持续大约 28 天。
The menstrual cycle
- About every 28 days: the uterus lining thickens, an egg is released (ovulation 排卵), and if no fertilisation occurs the lining breaks down (a period).
- Hormones including oestrogen and progesterone 孕酮 control these stages.
月经周期
- 大约每 28 天:子宫内膜增厚,一个卵被释放(排卵,ovulation),如果没有受精发生,内膜破裂(一次月经,period)。
- 包括雌激素和孕酮(progesterone)在内的激素控制这些阶段。
Pregnancy and hormones
- If the egg is fertilised, progesterone keeps the uterus lining in place.
- Hormone levels then stop the cycle during pregnancy.
Worked example. Around day 14 of the cycle, a surge of hormones triggers ovulation — the release of an egg. This is when fertilisation is most likely if sperm are present.
怀孕和激素
- 如果卵被受精,孕酮保持子宫内膜在位。
- 激素水平然后在怀孕期间停止周期。
例题。 在周期的第 14 天左右,一波激素触发排卵——一个卵的释放。这是如果精子存在受精最可能的时候。
You've got it
- testosterone drives male puberty; oestrogen drives female puberty
- the menstrual cycle (≈28 days): lining thickens → ovulation → period (if no fertilisation)
- oestrogen and progesterone control the cycle and maintain pregnancy
你掌握了
- 睾酮驱动男性青春期;雌激素驱动女性青春期
- 月经周期(≈28 天):内膜增厚 → 排卵 → 月经(如果没有受精)
- 雌激素和孕酮控制周期并维持怀孕