Cold War Beyond Europe · 欧洲之外的冷战
Latin America, with a stated qualification
- Cold War competition extended to Latin America, where the United States supported non-Communist regimes that had varying levels of commitment to democracy.
- Varying levels of commitment to democracy is the CED being precise about a tension in the policy.
- 8.2's aims included limiting Communist influence; this sentence shows what that aim sometimes cost.
拉丁美洲,带有一项被写明的限定
- 冷战竞争延伸到拉丁美洲,在那里美国支持了对民主承诺程度不一的非共产主义政权。
- 对民主承诺程度不一是 CED 在精确地指出这项政策中的一处张力。
- 8.2 的目标包括限制共产主义影响;这句话显示了那个目标有时付出了什么代价。
The United States supported non-Communist regimes with ____ levels of commitment to democracy. · 美国以____程度的民主承诺支持非共产主义政权。
The CED is precise about a tension in the policy. · CED对政策中的紧张关系表述精确。
A domestic debate about arms
- Americans debated the merits of a large nuclear arsenal and the military-industrial complex.
- Two subjects: the arsenal itself, and the military-industrial complex — an institution, not a weapon.
- 8.3 said containment had bipartisan support; this shows the debate moving to how it was maintained.
一场关于军备的国内辩论
- 美国人就庞大核武库与军工复合体的利弊展开辩论。
- 两个主题:武库本身,以及军工复合体——那是一个机构,不是一件武器。
- 8.3 说过遏制得到两党支持;这里显示这场辩论转向了它是如何被维持的。
Select both · 两者 subjects of the domestic arms debate. · 选择两个国内军备辩论的主体。
One is a weapon, the other an institution. · 一个是武器，另一个是机构。
Decolonisation created a third position
- Postwar decolonisation and the emergence of powerful nationalist movements in Africa and the Middle East led both sides in the Cold War to seek allies among new nations, many of which remained nonaligned.
- Many of which remained nonaligned — the CED refuses to sort the world into two camps.
- So a two-bloc account of the Cold War is incomplete by the CED's own description.
非殖民化造就了第三种立场
- 战后的非殖民化以及非洲与中东强有力民族主义运动的出现,使冷战双方都在新国家中寻求盟友,而其中许多国家保持不结盟。
- 其中许多国家保持不结盟——CED 拒绝把世界归入两个阵营。
- 因此按 CED 自己的描述,把冷战说成两大阵营的叙述是不完整的。
A regional policy, a domestic debate, or the third-camp problem? · 一项区域政策、一场国内辩论，还是第三阵营问题？
Sort each element of the global Cold War. · 对每个全球冷战的元素进行分类排序。
'Many of which remained nonaligned' means a Cold War account with two camps is... · “其中许多保持不结盟”意味着带有两大阵营的冷战叙述是...
By the CED's own description. · 根据CED自身的描述。
"Many of which remained nonaligned" refuses a two-bloc world. Both sides sought allies among new nations precisely because those nations had a choice — so a Cold War account with only two camps is incomplete by the CED's own description.
"其中许多国家保持不结盟"拒绝了一个两大阵营的世界。双方在新国家中寻求盟友,恰恰是因为那些国家拥有选择权——因此按 CED 自己的描述,只有两个阵营的冷战叙述是不完整的。
Nonalignment gave new nations bargaining power because... · 不结盟赋予新国家议价能力，因为...
Both sides had to seek allies rather than divide territory. · 双方都必须寻求盟友而非瓜分领土。
Why nonalignment mattered
- A new nation with a choice can extract terms from both sides, and neither can assume its support.
- That is why both sides... seek allies rather than simply divide territory between them.
- So decolonisation changed the Cold War's shape, not merely its map.
不结盟为何重要
- 一个拥有选择权的新国家,可以从双方都争取到条件,而任何一方都不能预设它的支持。
- 这正是双方都……寻求盟友、而不是简单地在彼此之间划分领土的原因。
- 因此非殖民化改变的是冷战的形态,不只是它的地图。
Select both · 两者 kinds of response the objective names. · 选择两个客观性所命名的回应类型。
Arsenal and allied regimes; courting nonaligned nations. · 军备及附属政权；争取不结盟国家。
Military and diplomatic responses
- The objective is the various military and diplomatic responses to international developments over time.
- Military: a large nuclear arsenal, the complex that sustains it, and support for allied regimes.
- Diplomatic: courting nonaligned new nations, and choosing which regimes to support and on what terms.
军事与外交上的回应
- 这一目标是随时间对国际发展所作的各种军事与外交回应。
- 军事:一个庞大的核武库、维持它的那套复合体,以及对盟友政权的支持。
- 外交:争取不结盟的新国家,以及选择支持哪些政权、以什么条件支持。
A country that can plausibly go either way is worth more to both sides than one already committed. Its bargaining power comes from not deciding, which is a strategy rather than an absence of one.
一个看上去可以倒向任何一边的国家,对双方而言都比一个已经站队的国家更有价值。它的议价能力来自不作决定,而那是一种战略,不是没有战略。
Cold War competition extended to Latin America, where the United States supported non-Communist regimes that had varying levels of commitment to democracy. Americans debated the merits of a large nuclear arsenal and the military-industrial complex. Postwar decolonisation and the emergence of powerful nationalist movements in Africa and the Middle East led both sides in the Cold War to seek allies among new nations, many of which remained nonaligned.
冷战竞争延伸到拉丁美洲,在那里美国支持了对民主承诺程度不一的非共产主义政权。 美国人就庞大核武库与军工复合体的利弊展开辩论。 战后的非殖民化以及非洲与中东强有力民族主义运动的出现,使冷战双方都在新国家中寻求盟友,而其中许多国家保持不结盟。