Mobilisation at Home · 国内动员
The war ended the Depression
- The mass mobilisation of American society helped end the Great Depression, and the country's strong industrial base played a pivotal role in winning the war by equipping and provisioning allies and millions of U.S. troops.
- 7.10 said the New Deal did not end the Depression; this says mobilisation helped end it — the two sentences fit together exactly.
- Equipping and provisioning allies is a distinct contribution from fighting, and the CED names it first.
这场战争终结了大萧条
- 美国社会的大规模动员帮助终结了大萧条,而这个国家强大的工业基础通过装备并补给盟国与数百万美军,在赢得战争中发挥了关键作用。
- 7.10 说新政并未终结大萧条;这里说动员帮助终结了它——这两句话恰好彼此吻合。
- 装备并补给盟国是一项与作战不同的贡献,而 CED 把它放在前面。
The CED says mass mobilisation... · CED称大规模动员……
It fits exactly with 7.10's verdict on the New Deal. · 它与7.10对新政的裁决完全吻合。
Opportunities, for the war's duration
- Mobilisation provided opportunities for women and minorities to improve their socioeconomic positions for the war's duration, while also leading to debates over racial segregation.
- For the war's duration is the crucial qualifier — the CED does not claim the gains were permanent.
- And the same mobilisation led to debates over racial segregation, so opportunity and argument arrived together.
机会,持续到战争结束为止
- 动员为女性与少数群体提供了在战争持续期间改善其社会经济地位的机会,同时也引发了关于种族隔离的辩论。
- 在战争持续期间是关键的限定语——CED 并没有声称这些所得是永久的。
- 而同样的动员引发了关于种族隔离的辩论,因此机会与争论是一同到来的。
Opportunities for women and minorities were for the war's . · 女性和少数族裔的机会是为了战争的。
The CED does not claim the gains were permanent. · CED并未声称这些收益是永久的。
And civil liberties were challenged
- Wartime experiences also generated challenges to civil liberties, such as the internment of Japanese Americans.
- The CED names the example directly, and places it in the same sentence as the wartime experience that produced it.
- 7.6's Red Scare is the earlier instance of the same pattern: emergency conditions producing restrictions on rights.
而公民自由受到挑战
- 战时的种种经历也带来了对公民自由的挑战,例如对日裔美国人的拘禁。
- CED 直接点出了这个例子,并把它与产生它的那种战时境况写在同一句话里。
- 7.6 的红色恐慌是同一模式更早的一个实例:紧急状况产生对权利的限制。
An economic effect, a social opportunity, or a challenge to rights? · 是一种经济影响、社会机遇还是权利挑战？
Sort each element of wartime mobilisation. · 对 wartime mobilisation（战时动员）各要素进行分类排序。
The CED's named challenge to civil liberties is... · CED命名的对公民自由的挑战是……
7.6's Red Scare is the earlier instance of the same pattern. · 7.6中的红色恐慌是同一模式的较早实例。
"For the war's duration" is the CED's own limit on the gains. Mobilisation provided opportunities for women and minorities for the war's duration — the CED does not claim they were permanent, and it puts the resulting debates over racial segregation in the same sentence.
"在战争持续期间"是 CED 自己为这些所得设定的限度。动员为女性与少数群体提供了在战争持续期间的机会——CED 并未声称它们是永久的,并且把随之而来的关于种族隔离的辩论写在同一句话里。
Migration from Mexico increased... · 来自墨西哥的移民增加了……
The CED names the inconsistency rather than smoothing it. · CED指出了这种不一致，而非将其掩盖。
Migration from the hemisphere
- Migration to the United States from Mexico and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere increased, in spite of contradictory government policies toward Mexican immigration.
- In spite of contradictory government policies — the CED names the inconsistency rather than smoothing it.
- So labour demand pulled people in while policy pushed in two directions at once, which is a pattern worth stating plainly.
来自本半球的迁徙
- 尽管政府对墨西哥移民的政策相互矛盾,来自墨西哥与西半球其他地方向美国的迁徙仍有所增加。
- 尽管政府政策相互矛盾——CED 点出了这种不一致,而不是把它抹平。
- 因此劳动力需求把人拉了进来,而政策同时朝两个方向用力,这是一个值得平实说出的模式。
Select both · 两者 contributions the strong industrial base made. · 选择强大的工业基础做出的两个贡献。
The first is a distinct contribution from fighting. · 第一项是区别于作战的独特贡献。
How and why the war transformed society
- The objective is how and why U.S. participation in World War II transformed American society.
- Economic: mass mobilisation ended the Depression and equipped the alliance.
- Social: opportunities for women and minorities for the war's duration, debates over segregation, internment, and increased hemispheric migration.
这场战争如何以及为何改变了社会
- 这一目标是美国对第二次世界大战的参与如何以及为何改变了美国社会。
- 经济上:大规模动员终结了大萧条,并装备了整个同盟。
- 社会上:女性与少数群体在战争持续期间的机会、关于种族隔离的辩论、拘禁,以及本半球迁徙的增加。
Open a job to someone because you urgently need it filled and you have proved they can do it. Close it again when the emergency ends and you have created an argument you cannot win on the old terms.
因为你急需有人填补而把一份工作向某人开放,你就证明了他们能够胜任。等紧急状态结束再把它关上,你就制造了一场按旧有说辞无法打赢的争论。
The mass mobilisation of American society helped end the Great Depression, and the country's strong industrial base played a pivotal role in winning the war by equipping and provisioning allies and millions of U.S. troops. Mobilisation provided opportunities for women and minorities to improve their socioeconomic positions for the war's duration, while also leading to debates over racial segregation. Wartime experiences also generated challenges to civil liberties, such as the internment of Japanese Americans. Migration to the United States from Mexico and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere increased, in spite of contradictory government policies.
美国社会的大规模动员帮助终结了大萧条,而这个国家强大的工业基础通过装备并补给盟国与数百万美军,在赢得战争中发挥了关键作用。 动员为女性与少数群体提供了在战争持续期间改善其社会经济地位的机会,同时也引发了关于种族隔离的辩论。战时的种种经历也带来了对公民自由的挑战,例如对日裔美国人的拘禁。 尽管政府政策相互矛盾,来自墨西哥与西半球其他地方向美国的迁徙仍有所增加。