Winning the War · 赢得战争
How Americans understood the war
- Americans viewed the war as a fight for the survival of freedom and democracy against fascist and militarist ideologies. This perspective was later reinforced by revelations about Japanese wartime atrocities, Nazi concentration camps, and the Holocaust.
- Viewed... as reports the understanding; later reinforced by revelations dates when the evidence arrived.
- So the CED distinguishes what people believed at the time from what confirmed it afterwards — a precise historical move.
美国人如何理解这场战争
- 美国人把这场战争视为自由与民主为对抗法西斯主义与军国主义意识形态而进行的生存之战。这一看法后来被有关日本战时暴行、纳粹集中营与大屠杀的披露所强化。
- 视为报告的是当时的理解;后来被……披露所强化给出了证据到来的时间。
- 因此 CED 把人们当时所相信的,与事后确证它的东西区分开来——这是一个精确的史学动作。
'This perspective was later reinforced by revelations' shows the CED is... · 'This perspective was later reinforced by revelations'表明CED正在……
It separates belief at the time from later confirmation. · 它将当时的信仰与后来的证实区分开来。
Military service, and the same limit
- Military service provided opportunities for women and minorities to improve their socioeconomic positions for the war's duration, while also leading to debates over racial segregation.
- The CED repeats 7.12's sentence with military service in place of mobilisation.
- So the same claim holds in uniform and in the factory, including the same qualifier and the same resulting debate.
兵役,以及同样的限度
- 兵役为女性与少数群体提供了在战争持续期间改善其社会经济地位的机会,同时也引发了关于种族隔离的辩论。
- CED 重复了 7.12 的句子,只是把动员换成了兵役。
- 因此同一项主张在军装里与在工厂里同样成立,包括同样的限定语与同样随之而来的辩论。
Select all · 所有 four causes of victory the CED names. · 选择CED命名的胜利所有四个原因。
The CED names servicemen and women together. · CED将男女军人并列提及。
Four causes of victory, and two campaigns
- The United States and its allies achieved military victory through Allied cooperation, technological and scientific advances, the contributions of servicemen and women, and campaigns such as Pacific "island-hopping" and the D-Day invasion.
- Four causes, and the CED names servicemen and women together — the contribution is not gendered in its sentence.
- Two campaigns are given as examples, one in each theatre.
胜利的四项成因,以及两场战役
- 美国及其盟国通过盟军的合作、技术与科学的进步、男女军人的贡献,以及太平洋"跳岛"与诺曼底登陆等战役,取得了军事胜利。
- 四项成因,而 CED 把男女军人并列——在它的句子里,这一贡献没有性别之分。
- 给出了两场战役作为例子,每个战区各一场。
How the war was understood, a cause of victory, or a consequence? · 这是对战争的理解、胜利的原因还是后果？
Sort each element of the Allied victory. · 对盟军胜利的各要素进行分类排序。
Select both · 两者 things the CED says about the atomic bombs. · 选择CED关于原子弹所说的两个内容。
The CED does not adjudicate the debate. · CED不对此辩论进行裁决。
The CED separates what Americans believed at the time from what confirmed it afterwards. They viewed the war as a fight for the survival of freedom and democracy, and that perspective was later reinforced by revelations about atrocities and the Holocaust — a precise historical distinction worth reproducing.
CED 把美国人当时所相信的,与事后确证它的东西区分开来。他们把这场战争视为自由与民主的生存之战,而这一看法后来被有关暴行与大屠杀的披露所强化——这是一处值得照样再现的精确史学区分。
The CED repeats 7.12's opportunity sentence with 'military service' in place of 'mobilisation'. · CED重复7.12的机会句，将'mobilisation'替换为'military service'。
The same claim holds in uniform and in the factory. · 同样的主张适用于制服和工厂。
The atomic bombs, and a debate
- The use of atomic bombs hastened the end of the war and sparked debates about the morality of using atomic weapons.
- Hastened and sparked debates are both in the CED's sentence, and the CED does not adjudicate the debate.
- So an answer should record the military effect and the moral argument, in that order, without resolving the second.
原子弹,以及一场辩论
- 原子弹的使用加速了战争的结束,并引发了关于使用原子武器之道德性的辩论。
- 加速了与引发了辩论都在 CED 的句子里,而 CED 并不为这场辩论作出裁决。
- 因此答案应当记录军事效果与道德论争,按这个顺序,而不去解决后者。
Record the military effect and the moral argument, without ____ the second. · 记录军事效果和道德论证，而不____后者。
The CED leaves the debate open. · CED使辩论保持开放。
Causes and effects of victory
- The objective is the causes and effects of the victory of the United States and its allies over the Axis powers.
- Causes: cooperation, technology and science, servicemen and women, campaigns, and the atomic bombs.
- Effects: 7.14's emergence as the most powerful nation, and a moral debate that outlived the war.
胜利的成因与效果
- 这一目标是美国及其盟国战胜轴心国之胜利的成因与效果。
- 成因:合作、技术与科学、男女军人、若干战役,以及原子弹。
- 效果:7.14 中作为最强大国家的崛起,以及一场比战争活得更久的道德辩论。
A belief held before the evidence arrives is not the same kind of thing as a conclusion drawn from it. Recording which one you mean is the difference between a history and a summary.
在证据到来之前所持有的信念,与从证据中得出的结论,不是同一类事物。记录清楚你所指的是哪一个,正是一部历史与一段摘要之间的差别。
Americans viewed the war as a fight for the survival of freedom and democracy against fascist and militarist ideologies. This perspective was later reinforced by revelations about Japanese wartime atrocities, Nazi concentration camps, and the Holocaust. Military service provided opportunities for women and minorities... for the war's duration, while also leading to debates over racial segregation. Victory came through Allied cooperation, technological and scientific advances, the contributions of servicemen and women, and campaigns such as Pacific "island-hopping" and the D-Day invasion, and the use of atomic bombs hastened the end of the war and sparked debates about the morality of using atomic weapons.
美国人把这场战争视为自由与民主为对抗法西斯主义与军国主义意识形态而进行的生存之战。这一看法后来被有关日本战时暴行、纳粹集中营与大屠杀的披露所强化。 兵役为女性与少数群体提供了……在战争持续期间的机会,同时也引发了关于种族隔离的辩论。胜利来自盟军的合作、技术与科学的进步、男女军人的贡献,以及太平洋"跳岛"与诺曼底登陆等战役,而原子弹的使用加速了战争的结束,并引发了关于使用原子武器之道德性的辩论。