Involvement Without Commitment · 参与而不承诺
A unilateral policy
- In the years following World War I, the United States pursued a unilateral foreign policy that used international investment, peace treaties, and select military intervention to promote a vision of international order, even while maintaining U.S. isolationism.
- Unilateral and even while maintaining isolationism — the country acted abroad without binding itself to institutions.
- Three instruments: investment, peace treaties, and select military intervention — none of them a permanent alliance.
一项单边政策
- 在第一次世界大战之后的年代里,美国推行一项单边外交政策,运用国际投资、和平条约与有选择的军事干预来推动一种国际秩序的构想,同时仍维持着美国的孤立主义。
- 单边的与同时仍维持着孤立主义——这个国家在海外行动,却不把自己束缚于任何机构。
- 三种手段:投资、和平条约与有选择的军事干预——其中没有一项是永久性同盟。
Select all · 所有 three instruments of interwar policy. · 选择两次世界大战期间政策的所有三项工具。
None of them binds the country institutionally. · 没有任何一项从制度上约束该国。
Concern without action
- In the 1930s, while many Americans were concerned about the rise of fascism and totalitarianism, most opposed taking military action against the aggression of Nazi Germany and Japan until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor drew the United States into World War II.
- Concerned but opposed taking military action — the CED distinguishes an opinion from a policy preference.
- Until... drew the United States into makes entry a response to attack rather than a decision to intervene.
有关切而无行动
- 在 1930 年代,尽管许多美国人对法西斯主义与极权主义的兴起感到关切,大多数人仍反对对纳粹德国与日本的侵略采取军事行动,直到日本对珍珠港的袭击把美国拖入第二次世界大战。
- 感到关切却反对采取军事行动——CED 把一种看法与一种政策偏好区分开来。
- 直到……把美国拖入,使参战成为对一次袭击的回应,而不是一项进行干预的决定。
The CED says this policy was pursued... · CED表示这项政策是……执行的
Acting abroad without binding itself to institutions. · 在国外行动而未将其自身绑定于机构。
The same objective as 7.2
- 7.11 carries Unit 7.B again: the similarities and differences in attitudes about the nation's proper role in the world.
- So the structure learned in 7.2 applies: one position, its opposite, the shared premise, the divergence.
- Similarity: both interwar positions accept action abroad in some form. Difference: whether commitment should be institutional or ad hoc.
与 7.2 相同的目标
- 7.11 再次承载Unit 7.B:关于这个国家在世界上应有角色的态度上的相似与不同。
- 因此在 7.2 中学到的结构在这里适用:一种立场、它的对立面、共享的前提、分岔之处。
- 相似:两种战间期立场都以某种形式接受在海外行动。不同:承诺应当是制度性的,还是临时性的。
An instrument, the stated posture, or the 1930s position? · 是一项工具、明说的立场还是1930年代的立场？
Sort each element of interwar policy. · 对两次世界大战期间的政策要素进行分类排序。
In the 1930s most Americans... · 在1930年代，大多数美国人……
Concern is not the same as a policy preference. · 担忧不等于政策偏好。
Concern is not the same as a policy preference. The CED says many Americans were concerned about the rise of fascism and totalitarianism and yet most opposed taking military action — and entry came only when the Japanese attack drew the United States into the war.
关切与政策偏好不是一回事。CED 说许多美国人对法西斯主义与极权主义的兴起感到关切,而大多数人仍反对采取军事行动——而参战只发生在日本的袭击把美国拖入战争之时。
Entry came when the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor ____ the United States into the war. · 美国是在日本袭击珍珠港____后卷入战争的。
A response to attack rather than a decision to intervene. · 是对袭击的反应，而非主动干预的决定。
Why this is the pattern of the whole unit
- 7.5: the country entered a European war and then refused the treaty and the League.
- 7.11: it invested, mediated and intervened selectively while calling itself isolationist.
- So involvement without commitment describes both, and naming the pattern is worth more than listing episodes.
这为何是整个单元的模式
- 7.5:这个国家参加了一场欧洲战争,随后拒绝了那份条约与国际联盟。
- 7.11:它进行投资、调停并有选择地干预,同时自称孤立主义。
- 因此有介入而无承诺描述了两者,而点出这一模式,比罗列若干事件更有价值。
The pattern across 7.5 and 7.11 is best named... · 7.5和7.11之间的模式最合适的命名是……
Naming the pattern is worth more than listing episodes. · 命名这一模式比列举事件更有价值。
Attitudes, compared
- Give the interventionist case and the non-interventionist case as the CED states them, not as later hindsight states them.
- Most opposed taking military action is a majority position with reasons, and 7.2's anti-imperialists supplied several of them.
- End on Pearl Harbor as the CED does: entry came when the choice was removed.
被比较的诸态度
- 按 CED 所陈述的方式给出干预派与不干预派的论证,而不是按后见之明所陈述的方式。
- 大多数人反对采取军事行动是一种有理由的多数立场,而 7.2 的反帝国主义者提供了其中几条。
- 像 CED 那样以珍珠港收尾:参战发生在选择被取走之时。
A country can send money, sign treaties, land troops in one place and still describe itself as staying out of the world's quarrels — because it has bound itself to nothing it cannot walk away from.
一个国家可以送出金钱、签署条约、在某处登陆部队,同时仍把自己描述为置身于世界纷争之外——因为它没有把自己束缚于任何它不能一走了之的东西。
In the years following World War I, the United States pursued a unilateral foreign policy that used international investment, peace treaties, and select military intervention to promote a vision of international order, even while maintaining U.S. isolationism. In the 1930s, while many Americans were concerned about the rise of fascism and totalitarianism, most opposed taking military action against the aggression of Nazi Germany and Japan until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor drew the United States into World War II. The pattern across 7.5 and 7.11 is involvement without commitment.
在第一次世界大战之后的年代里,美国推行一项单边外交政策,运用国际投资、和平条约与有选择的军事干预来推动一种国际秩序的构想,同时仍维持着美国的孤立主义。 在 1930 年代,尽管许多美国人对法西斯主义与极权主义的兴起感到关切,大多数人仍反对对纳粹德国与日本的侵略采取军事行动,直到日本对珍珠港的袭击把美国拖入第二次世界大战。贯穿 7.5 与 7.11 的模式是有介入而无承诺。