Land, Cotton and a Southern Identity · 土地、棉花与南方认同
A minority owned, a leadership argued
- In the South, although the majority of Southerners owned no enslaved persons, most leaders argued that slavery was part of the Southern way of life.
- The CED puts a demographic fact and a political fact in one sentence, and they point different ways.
- So the defence of slavery was a leadership position, and the CED is careful to say the majority of Southerners were not slaveholders.
少数人拥有,领袖们论辩
- 在南方,尽管大多数南方人并不拥有被奴役者,大多数领袖仍主张奴隶制是南方生活方式的一部分。
- CED 把一项人口事实与一项政治事实写在一句话里,而它们指向不同的方向。
- 因此对奴隶制的辩护是一种领袖阶层的立场,而 CED 谨慎地说明大多数南方人并非蓄奴者。
The CED says the majority of Southerners... · CED称大多数南方人……
While most leaders argued slavery was part of the Southern way of life. · 尽管大多数领导人辩称奴隶制是南方生活方式的一部分。
Staples, and a distinctive identity
- Southern business leaders continued to rely on the production and export of traditional agricultural staples, contributing to the growth of a distinctive Southern regional identity.
- Continued to rely is a continuity claim while the North was industrialising — divergence by staying the same.
- And the CED derives identity from economy, which is the mechanism 4.1's second thread predicted.
大宗作物,与一种独特的认同
- 南方的商界领袖继续依赖传统大宗农产品的生产与出口,这促成了一种独特的南方地区认同的成长。
- 继续依赖是一项延续性主张,而与此同时北方正在工业化——通过保持不变而分道扬镳。
- 而 CED 从经济推导出认同,这正是 4.1 第二条线索所预示的机制。
'Continued to rely on traditional staples' is a claim of... · “继续依赖传统主产”是一个关于……的主张
Divergence by staying the same. · 通过保持不变实现的分歧。
Soil exhaustion moved the institution west
- As overcultivation depleted arable land in the Southeast, slaveholders began relocating their plantations to more fertile lands west of the Appalachians, where the institution of slavery continued to grow.
- The CED gives an environmental cause for a political crisis: exhausted soil moved slavery into new territory.
- And 3.12's distinctive regional attitudes plus 4.3's Missouri Compromise are what that movement collides with.
土壤耗竭把这一制度推向西部
- 随着过度耕作耗竭了东南部的可耕地,蓄奴者开始把他们的种植园迁往阿巴拉契亚山脉以西更肥沃的土地,而奴隶制在那里继续增长。
- CED 为一场政治危机给出了一项环境成因:耗竭的土壤把奴隶制推入了新的领土。
- 而 3.12 的各具特色的地区性态度加上 4.3 的密苏里妥协,正是这一移动所撞上之物。
A demographic or political fact, the economy, or the environmental push? · 是人口或政治事实、经济因素，还是环境推动力？
Sort each element of Southern development. · 对南方发展的每个要素进行分类。
The environmental cause the CED gives is... · CED给出的环境原因是……
It forced the movement that made slavery a national question. · 它迫使了一场使奴隶制成为全国性问题的运动。
The CED gives an environmental cause for a political crisis. As overcultivation depleted arable land in the Southeast, slaveholders began relocating their plantations to more fertile lands west of the Appalachians — an institution that must expand to survive turns a regional practice into a national question.
CED 为一场政治危机给出了一项环境成因。 随着过度耕作耗竭了东南部的可耕地,蓄奴者开始把他们的种植园迁往阿巴拉契亚山脉以西更肥沃的土地——一种必须扩张才能存续的制度,把一种地区性做法变成了一个全国性问题。
Put the four steps of this subtopic in order. · 按顺序排列本子主题的四个步骤。
Each is in the CED. · 每一项都在CED中。
Geography as the objective's frame
- The objective is how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of the South.
- Geographic: long growing seasons and fertile western land, which decide what can be produced where.
- Environmental: overcultivation depleting soil, which forces the movement that makes slavery a national question.
作为这一目标框架的地理
- 这一目标是地理与环境因素如何塑造了南方的发展。
- 地理的:漫长的生长季与肥沃的西部土地,它们决定了在何处能生产什么。
- 环境的:过度耕作导致土壤耗竭,这迫使那场使奴隶制成为全国性问题的移动发生。
An institution that must expand to survive becomes ____'s problem. · 一个必须扩张才能生存的制度成为了____的问题。
The national consequence to end on. · 需要结束的国家后果。
Writing a regional development
- Give a geographic condition, the economy it supported, the identity that followed, and the movement that soil exhaustion forced.
- Four steps, and each is in the CED, which makes this one of the tidiest subtopics in the unit.
- End on the national consequence: an institution that must expand becomes everyone's problem.
书写一次地区性发展
- 给出一项地理条件、它所支撑的经济、随之而来的认同,以及土壤耗竭所迫使的那场移动。
- 四个步骤,每一个都写在 CED 里,这使本小节成为本单元中最整洁的小节之一。
- 以全国性后果收尾:一种必须扩张的制度,会成为所有人的问题。
A crop that exhausts the ground it grows in guarantees that whoever depends on it will need new ground. The need is agricultural; the consequence is that every new territory becomes a political question.
一种会耗竭它所生长之土地的作物,注定了依赖它的人将需要新的土地。这种需要是农业性的;而后果是每一块新领土都成为一个政治问题。
In the South, although the majority of Southerners owned no enslaved persons, most leaders argued that slavery was part of the Southern way of life. Southern business leaders continued to rely on the production and export of traditional agricultural staples, contributing to the growth of a distinctive Southern regional identity. As overcultivation depleted arable land in the Southeast, slaveholders began relocating their plantations to more fertile lands west of the Appalachians, where the institution of slavery continued to grow.
在南方,尽管大多数南方人并不拥有被奴役者,大多数领袖仍主张奴隶制是南方生活方式的一部分。 南方的商界领袖继续依赖传统大宗农产品的生产与出口,这促成了一种独特的南方地区认同的成长。 随着过度耕作耗竭了东南部的可耕地,蓄奴者开始把他们的种植园迁往阿巴拉契亚山脉以西更肥沃的土地,而奴隶制在那里继续增长。