The Age of Reform · 改革时代
From revival to reform
- The Second Great Awakening influenced moral and social reforms and inspired utopian and other religious movements.
- The CED makes the causal link explicit: the revival is upstream of the reform movements, not merely contemporary with them.
- Utopian movements are named separately, so the period produced both attempts to fix society and attempts to leave it.
从复兴到改革
- 第二次大觉醒影响了道德与社会改革,并激发了乌托邦式的与其他宗教运动。
- CED 把因果联系说明白了:这场复兴处在改革运动的上游,而不只是与它们同时。
- 乌托邦式的运动被单独点出,因此这一时期既产生了修补社会的尝试,也产生了离开社会的尝试。
The CED places the Second Great Awakening... · CED将第二次大觉醒置于……
It influenced reforms and inspired utopian movements. · 它影响了改革并启发了乌托邦运动。
Voluntary organisations
- Americans formed new voluntary organisations that aimed to change individual behaviours and improve society through temperance and other reform efforts.
- Voluntary is the key word: these are private associations, not state programmes — 2.7's associational habit at a new scale.
- And note the two targets: individual behaviours and society, which are different objects requiring different methods.
自愿组织
- 美国人组建了新的自愿组织,旨在通过禁酒及其他改革努力改变个人行为并改善社会。
- 自愿是关键词:这些是私人的团体,不是国家计划——这是 2.7 的结社习惯在一个新的规模上。
- 也要注意两个目标:个人行为与社会,它们是不同的对象,需要不同的方法。
Select both · 两者 targets of the new voluntary organisations. · 选择新自愿组织针对的两个目标。
Different objects requiring different methods. · 不同的对象需要不同的方法。
Abolition, with a stated limit
- Abolitionist and antislavery movements gradually achieved emancipation in the North, contributing to the growth of the free African American population, even as many state governments restricted African Americans' rights.
- Even as holds an advance and a restriction in one sentence — emancipation in the North and rights restricted by state governments.
- Antislavery movements increased in the North, which is the sectional pattern 4.3 and 4.13 describe from other angles.
废奴,以及一项被写明的限度
- 废奴与反奴隶制运动在北方逐步实现了解放,促成了自由非裔美国人人口的增长,尽管与此同时许多州政府限制了非裔美国人的权利。
- 尽管与此同时在一句话里同时容纳了一项进展与一项限制——北方的解放以及州政府对权利的限制。
- 反奴隶制运动在北方增多,而这正是 4.3 与 4.13 从其他角度所描述的地区模式。
Select both · 两者 things the CED states about antislavery in the North. · 选择CED关于北方反奴隶制的两个陈述。
'Even as' holds an advance and a restriction together. · “尽管”将一个进步和一个限制结合在一起。
The CED records a disagreement inside the women's rights movement. Over time, arguments emerged over whether to narrow the goals to white women — that second sentence is the one most answers omit, and including it is what makes an account of the movement accurate.
**CED 记录了女性权利运动内部的一场分歧。**随着时间推移,关于是否把目标收窄到白人女性,出现了争论——那第二句话正是大多数答案会略去的,而把它包含进来,才使对这场运动的叙述准确。
Which reform current? · 哪种改革潮流？
Sort each element into its movement. · 将每个要素归类到相应的运动中。
The women's rights movement expressed its ideals at the ____ Falls Convention. · 妇女权利运动在____瀑布会议中表达了其理想。
And arguments emerged over whether to narrow the goals. · 关于是否应缩小目标，出现了争论。
Women's rights, and an internal argument
- A women's rights movement sought to create greater equality and opportunities for women, expressing its ideals at the Seneca Falls Convention.
- Over time, arguments emerged over whether to narrow the goals to white women.
- The CED records a disagreement inside the movement, and that second sentence is one most answers omit.
女性权利,以及一场内部争论
- 一场女性权利运动力图为女性创造更大的平等与机会,并在塞内卡福尔斯大会上表达了它的理想。
- 随着时间推移,关于是否把目标收窄到白人女性,出现了争论。
- CED 记录了一场运动内部的分歧,而第二句话正是大多数答案会略去的。
The CED records a disagreement inside the women's rights movement. · CED记录了妇女权利运动内部的分歧。
Including it is what makes the account accurate. · 将其包含在内正是该叙述准确的原因。
How and why reform movements developed
- The objective is how and why various reform movements developed and expanded from 1800 to 1848.
- Why: revival supplied the motive, perfectibility the premise, and the market revolution the problems.
- How: through voluntary organisations aimed at both individual behaviour and social institutions.
改革运动如何以及为何发展
- 这一目标是1800 至 1848 年间各种改革运动如何以及为何发展与扩大。
- 为何:复兴提供了动机,可完善性提供了前提,而市场革命提供了问题。
- 如何:通过既针对个人行为也针对社会制度的自愿组织。
A movement that has agreed on a principle has not yet agreed on who it covers. The first disagreement is easier to win than the second, and organisations often discover the second only after the first is won.
一场已经就某项原则达成一致的运动,尚未就它涵盖谁达成一致。前一种分歧比后一种更容易赢下,而各种组织往往在赢下前者之后,才发现后者。
The Second Great Awakening influenced moral and social reforms and inspired utopian and other religious movements; Americans formed new voluntary organisations that aimed to change individual behaviours and improve society through temperance and other reform efforts; abolitionist and antislavery movements gradually achieved emancipation in the North... even as many state governments restricted African Americans' rights; and a women's rights movement... expressed its ideals at the Seneca Falls Convention, though arguments emerged over whether to narrow the goals to white women.
第二次大觉醒影响了道德与社会改革,并激发了乌托邦式的与其他宗教运动;美国人组建了新的自愿组织,旨在通过禁酒及其他改革努力改变个人行为并改善社会;废奴与反奴隶制运动在北方逐步实现了解放……尽管与此同时许多州政府限制了非裔美国人的权利;而一场女性权利运动……在塞内卡福尔斯大会上表达了它的理想,不过关于是否把目标收窄到白人女性,出现了争论。