Many Colonisations, One Continent · 多种殖民化，同一个大陆
Two claims for the colonial period
- Europeans developed a variety of colonisation and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North American environments where they settled. They competed with each other and American Indians for resources.
- The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain's control.
- The first is about variety; the second is about a relationship that produced two opposite results at once.
殖民时期的两项主张
- 欧洲人发展出多种殖民与移民模式,受不同的帝国目标、文化,以及他们所定居的北美各类环境的影响。他们彼此之间以及与美洲印第安人之间争夺资源。
- 英属殖民地与大不列颠进行政治、社会、文化与经济上的交流,这既促成了与英国更紧密的联系,也促成了对英国控制的抵抗。
- 第一项关乎多样性;第二项关乎一种同时产生两种相反结果的关系。
Select all · 所有 three sources of variety the CED names. · 选择CED提到的多样性的所有三个来源。
The same environmental logic 1.2 applied to native societies. · 同样的环境逻辑1.2应用于原住民社会。
Variety has three named sources
- Different imperial goals: what each crown wanted from a colony.
- Different cultures: what each group of migrants brought.
- Varied North American environments: what each place allowed — the same logic 1.2 applied to native societies.
多样性有三个被点名的来源
- 不同的帝国目标:每一个王室想从一块殖民地得到什么。
- 不同的文化:每一批移民带来了什么。
- 北美各类环境:每一个地方允许什么——正是 1.2 应用于原住民社会的那套逻辑。
Competition in this period was... · 这一时期的竞争是...
Which is why the period is diplomatic, not only economic. · 这就是为什么这一时期是外交性的，而不仅是经济性的。
Competition is three-sided
- They competed with each other and American Indians for resources — Europeans against Europeans, and Europeans against native peoples.
- 2.5 will show this producing alliances as well as fighting, since a rival's rival is a potential ally.
- So competition is the mechanism that makes the colonial period diplomatic, not only economic.
竞争是三方的
- 他们彼此之间以及与美洲印第安人之间争夺资源——欧洲人对欧洲人,以及欧洲人对原住民各族。
- 2.5 将显示这既产生了同盟也产生了作战,因为对手的对手是潜在的盟友。
- 因此竞争正是使殖民时期具有外交性质、而不只是经济性质的机制。
A source of variety, competition, or the British relationship? · 多样性的来源、竞争还是与英国的关系？
Sort each element of the colonial context. · 对殖民背景的每个要素进行分类。
Bonds and resistance came from the same exchanges. · 纽带和反抗来自同一交流过程。
One process with two outputs, not opposite trends. · 一个过程产生两种结果，而非对立趋势。
The same exchanges produced bonds and resistance. The CED says colonial exchanges with Great Britain encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain's control — so these are not opposite trends competing, they are one process with two outputs.
同样的交流既产生了联系也产生了抵抗。CED 说与大不列颠的殖民地交流既促成了与英国更紧密的联系,也促成了对英国控制的抵抗——因此这不是两种相互竞争的相反趋势,而是一个过程的两种产出。
2.7 explains the bond through gradual ____ of the British colonies. · 2.7通过英国殖民地的逐渐____来解释纽带关系。
While local self-government strengthened the objection. · 尽管地方自治强化了反对意见。
Bonds and resistance, from the same exchanges
- The second claim's structure is the key to the unit: the same exchanges produced both stronger bonds and resistance.
- 2.7 will explain how — Anglicisation strengthened the bond, while local self-government strengthened the objection.
- So an answer must never treat bonds and resistance as opposite trends; they are one process.
来自同样交流的联系与抵抗
- 第二项主张的结构是本单元的关键:同样的交流既产生了更紧密的联系,也产生了抵抗。
- 2.7 将解释是如何做到的——英国化强化了联系,而地方自治强化了反对。
- 因此答案绝不能把联系与抵抗当作相反的趋势;它们是同一个过程。
A context paragraph should be... · 背景段落应该是...
Name each condition and what it made possible. · 命名每个条件及其带来的可能性。
Writing the context
- The objective is the context for the colonisation of North America from 1607 to 1754.
- Conditions: rival empires with different aims, varied environments, native peoples with their own interests, and a growing Atlantic economy.
- Name each and what it made possible — three or four sentences, not a narrative.
书写语境
- 这一目标是1607 至 1754 年间北美殖民的语境。
- 条件:目标各异的敌对帝国、多样的环境、有着自身利益的原住民各族,以及一个不断成长的大西洋经济。
- 点出每一项以及它使什么成为可能——三四句话,不是一段叙事。
A colony that reads London's newspapers, copies London's laws and buys London's goods is becoming more English every decade. It is also learning, from those same laws, exactly what an Englishman is entitled to object to.
一块阅读伦敦报纸、仿效伦敦法律、购买伦敦商品的殖民地,每十年都在变得更英国化。它同时也在从那些同样的法律里学到,一个英国人究竟有权反对什么。
Europeans developed a variety of colonisation and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North American environments where they settled. They competed with each other and American Indians for resources. The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain's control — one process, two outputs.
欧洲人发展出多种殖民与移民模式,受不同的帝国目标、文化,以及他们所定居的北美各类环境的影响。他们彼此之间以及与美洲印第安人之间争夺资源。 英属殖民地与大不列颠进行政治、社会、文化与经济上的交流,这既促成了与英国更紧密的联系,也促成了对英国控制的抵抗——一个过程,两种产出。