Pathogens and Infectious Diseases · 病原体与传染病
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| pathogen/ˈpæθədʒn/ | 病原体 | bìng yuán tǐ |
| Infectious diseases/ɪnˈfekʃəs dɪˈziːzɪz/ | 传染病 | chuán rǎn bìng |
| waterborne/ˈwɔːtəbɔːn/ | 水传播 | shuǐ chuán bō |
| vector/ˈvektə/ | 媒介 | méi jiè |
The living causes of disease
- Many diseases are caused by living things.
- A pathogen 病原体 is an organism that causes disease.
- Bacteria, viruses, and parasites are all pathogens.
- Infectious diseases 传染病 spread from one host to another.
疾病的活的原因
- 许多疾病由活的东西引起。
- 一种病原体(pathogen)是引起疾病的生物。
- 细菌、病毒和寄生虫都是病原体。
- 传染病(infectious diseases)从一个宿主传播到另一个。
Waterborne diseases
- A waterborne 水传播 disease spreads through dirty water.
- Cholera and typhoid spread when sewage taints drinking water.
- People fall ill after drinking the contaminated water.
- Clean water and sewage treatment are the best defence.
水传播疾病
- 一种水传播(waterborne)疾病通过脏水传播。
- 霍乱和伤寒在污水污染饮用水时传播。
- 人们喝了被污染的水后生病。
- 干净的水和污水处理是最好的防御。
A pathogen is… · 一种病原体是……
A pathogen is a disease-causing organism — a bacterium, virus, or parasite. · 一种病原体是引起疾病的生物——一种细菌、病毒或寄生虫。
Vector-borne diseases
- A vector 媒介 is an animal that carries a pathogen.
- Mosquitoes carry malaria and dengue from person to person.
- Ticks carry Lyme disease.
- Controlling the vector helps control the disease.
媒介传播疾病
- 一个媒介(vector)是携带病原体的动物。
- 蚊子把疟疾和登革热从人传到人。
- 蜱携带莱姆病。
- 控制媒介帮助控制疾病。
Waterborne or vector-borne? · 水传播还是媒介传播?
Sort each disease by how it spreads - through water or through an animal carrier. · 按照每种疾病如何传播——通过水还是通过动物携带者——给它们分类。
A waterborne disease like cholera spreads through… · 霍乱等水传播疾病通过以下方式传播……
Waterborne diseases spread when people drink water tainted with sewage or pathogens. · 水传播疾病在人们喝被污水或病原体污染的水时传播。
An animal that carries a pathogen from host to host, like a mosquito, is a . · 把病原体从宿主带到宿主的动物,比如蚊子,是一个。
A vector (like a mosquito or tick) carries a pathogen and passes it to new hosts. · 一个媒介(比如蚊子或蜱)携带病原体并把它传给新宿主。
Prevention
- Safe drinking water stops most waterborne disease.
- Sewage treatment keeps pathogens out of water supplies.
- Controlling mosquitoes cuts vector-borne disease.
- Vaccines and clean living conditions protect people too.
预防
- 安全的饮用水阻止大多数水传播疾病。
- 污水处理使病原体远离供水。
- 控制蚊子削减媒介传播疾病。
- 疫苗和干净的生活条件也保护人们。
Clean water and good sewage treatment prevent many infectious diseases. · 干净的水和良好的污水处理预防许多传染病。
Safe water and proper sewage treatment stop waterborne pathogens, preventing disease. · 安全的水和适当的污水处理阻止水传播的病原体,预防疾病。
Select all · 所有 vector-borne diseases. · 选出所有媒介传播的疾病。
Malaria, dengue, and Lyme spread through animal vectors. Cholera is waterborne. · 疟疾、登革热和莱姆病通过动物媒介传播。霍乱是水传播的。
Sorting by how it spreads tells you how to stop it. A waterborne disease (cholera, typhoid) is beaten with clean water and sewage treatment. A vector-borne disease (malaria, dengue) is beaten by controlling the vector — draining mosquito breeding pools, nets, repellents. Attack the wrong route and the disease keeps spreading, so identifying the transmission path is the first step.
按它如何传播分类告诉你如何阻止它。一种水传播疾病(霍乱、伤寒)用干净的水和污水处理来击败。一种媒介传播疾病(疟疾、登革热)通过控制媒介来击败——排干蚊子繁殖的水池、蚊帐、驱虫剂。攻击错误的路径,疾病就继续传播,所以识别传播路径是第一步。
Two outbreaks, two solutions:
- A town's water is tainted by leaking sewage, and cholera breaks out — a waterborne disease. The fix is clean water and proper sewage treatment.
- A tropical village suffers malaria — carried by mosquitoes, a vector-borne disease. The fix is nets, repellents, and draining the still water where mosquitoes breed.
- The pathogen differs, and so does the cure — because the route differs.
两次暴发,两种解决办法:
- 一个镇的水被泄漏的污水污染,霍乱暴发——一种水传播疾病。解决办法是干净的水和适当的污水处理。
- 一个热带村庄遭受疟疾——由蚊子携带,一种媒介传播疾病。解决办法是蚊帐、驱虫剂,以及排干蚊子繁殖的死水。
- 病原体不同,解药也不同——因为路径不同。
A pathogen is a disease-causing organism (bacterium, virus, parasite), and infectious diseases spread between hosts. Waterborne diseases (cholera, typhoid) spread through dirty water and are stopped by clean water and sewage treatment. Vector-borne diseases (malaria, dengue) spread by a vector like a mosquito and are stopped by controlling that carrier.
一种病原体是引起疾病的生物(细菌、病毒、寄生虫),而传染病在宿主之间传播。水传播疾病(霍乱、伤寒)通过脏水传播,用干净的水和污水处理来阻止。媒介传播疾病(疟疾、登革热)通过蚊子等媒介传播,通过控制那个携带者来阻止。