Pollution and Human Health · 污染与人类健康
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| acute/əˈkjuːt/ | 急性 | jí xìng |
| exposure/ekˈspəʊʒə/ | 暴露 | bào lù |
| chronic/ˈkrɒnɪk/ | 慢性 | màn xìng |
Pollution makes us sick
- Polluted air, water, and soil harm human health.
- Some harm hits fast; some builds up over years.
- The damage depends on the dose and how long we are exposed.
- Understanding this helps set safe limits.
污染让我们生病
- 污染的空气、水和土壤伤害人类健康。
- 有些伤害发作快;有些随年积累。
- 损害取决于剂量和我们暴露多久。
- 理解这一点帮助设定安全限制。
Acute effects: fast harm
- An acute 急性 effect strikes quickly after exposure.
- A big dose of carbon monoxide can poison in minutes.
- A chemical spill can burn skin or eyes at once.
- Acute effects are sudden and often obvious.
急性影响:快速伤害
- 一种急性(acute)影响在暴露后很快发作。
- 大剂量的一氧化碳能在几分钟内毒害。
- 一次化学品泄漏能立刻灼伤皮肤或眼睛。
- 急性影响是突然的,常常明显。
An acute health effect is one that… · 一种急性健康影响是……
An acute effect strikes soon after exposure — like poisoning from a big dose in minutes or hours. · 一种急性影响在暴露后不久发作——比如在几分钟或几小时内被大剂量毒害。
Chronic effects: slow harm
- A chronic 慢性 effect builds up slowly over years.
- Breathing smog for decades can cause lung disease.
- Long exposure to some chemicals leads to cancer.
- Chronic effects are hidden at first, then serious.
慢性影响:缓慢伤害
- 一种慢性(chronic)影响在多年里慢慢积累。
- 呼吸烟雾几十年能造成肺病。
- 长期暴露于某些化学物质导致癌症。
- 慢性影响起初隐藏,然后严重。
Acute or chronic effect? · 急性还是慢性影响?
Sort each health effect by whether it strikes at once or builds up over time. · 按照每个健康影响是立刻发作还是随时间积累,给它们分类。
A chronic health effect… · 一种慢性健康影响……
A chronic effect develops slowly from long, repeated exposure — like cancer after years of pollution. · 一种慢性影响从长期、反复的暴露慢慢发展——比如多年污染后的癌症。
How much harm pollution does depends on the dose and the length of ____. · 污染造成多少伤害取决于剂量和____的长短。
Both the dose and the length of exposure shape how much a pollutant harms health. · 剂量和暴露的长短都影响一种污染物对健康的伤害有多大。
Who is most at risk
- Longer exposure 暴露 and higher doses cause more harm.
- Children, the elderly, and the sick are more vulnerable.
- The poor often live nearest to pollution sources.
- So pollution's health burden falls unequally.
谁风险最大
- 更长的暴露(exposure)和更高的剂量造成更多伤害。
- 儿童、老人和病人更易受影响。
- 穷人往往住得离污染源最近。
- 所以污染的健康负担分布不均。
Children and the elderly are often more vulnerable to pollution than healthy adults. · 儿童和老人往往比健康的成年人更易受污染影响。
The young, old, and already-sick are more sensitive, so pollution harms them more. · 幼小的、年老的和已经生病的更敏感,所以污染对他们伤害更大。
Select all · 所有 health problems linked to air pollution. · 选出与空气污染有关的所有健康问题。
Air pollution causes asthma, heart disease, and lung cancer. It never improves your health. · 空气污染造成哮喘、心脏病和肺癌。它从不改善你的健康。
Two words to keep straight. Acute = fast — a large dose causing sudden harm (poisoning, burns). Chronic = slow — small doses over a long time adding up to serious disease (cancer, lung disease). Chronic harm is the sneaky one: each day's dose seems harmless, but decades of it can be deadly. That's why long-term exposure matters as much as the dose.
需要分清的两个词。急性=快——大剂量造成突然的伤害(中毒、灼伤)。慢性=慢——长时间的小剂量累积成严重的疾病(癌症、肺病)。慢性伤害是狡猾的那个:每天的剂量看似无害,但几十年的它能致命。这就是为什么长期暴露和剂量一样重要。
Two workers, two kinds of harm:
- One breathes a cloud of toxic gas from a spill and collapses within minutes — an acute effect from a single large dose.
- The other breathes low levels of factory dust every day for thirty years and develops lung disease late in life — a chronic effect from long exposure.
- Same pollution source; very different timelines of harm.
两个工人,两种伤害:
- 一个从泄漏中吸入一团有毒气体,几分钟内倒下——单次大剂量的急性影响。
- 另一个每天吸入低水平的工厂粉尘,持续三十年,晚年患上肺病——长期暴露的慢性影响。
- 同样的污染源;非常不同的伤害时间线。
Pollution harms health in two ways. Acute effects strike quickly from a large dose (poisoning, burns). Chronic effects build up slowly from long exposure (cancer, lung disease). Harm depends on both the dose and the length of exposure, and children, the elderly, and the sick are most vulnerable.
污染以两种方式伤害健康。急性影响从大剂量快速发作(中毒、灼伤)。慢性影响从长期暴露慢慢积累(癌症、肺病)。伤害取决于剂量和暴露的长短,而儿童、老人和病人最易受影响。