Dose Response Curve · 剂量反应曲线
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| dose-response curve/dəʊs rɪˈspɒns kɜːv/ | 剂量反应曲线 | jì liàng fǎn yìng qū xiàn |
| response/rɪˈspɒns/ | 反应 | fǎn yìng |
| threshold/ˈθreʃəʊld/ | 阈值 | yù zhí |
How much harm from how much?
- A tiny dose of a chemical may do nothing.
- A large dose of the same chemical may kill.
- To show this, scientists draw a dose-response curve 剂量反应曲线.
- It plots the effect against the dose.
多少量造成多少伤害?
- 微小剂量的一种化学物质可能什么都不做。
- 大剂量的同一种化学物质可能致命。
- 为了显示这一点,科学家画一条剂量反应曲线(dose-response curve)。
- 它把影响对剂量作图。
Reading the curve
- The dose goes along the bottom; the response 反应 goes up the side.
- As the dose rises, the effect usually gets stronger.
- The curve starts low and climbs upward.
- At high doses the harm can become severe or lethal.
读曲线
- 剂量沿底部;反应(response)沿侧边向上。
- 随着剂量上升,影响通常变得更强。
- 曲线从低处开始,向上攀升。
- 在高剂量下伤害能变得严重或致命。
A dose-response curve shows how… · 一条剂量反应曲线显示……
A dose-response curve plots the response (effect) against the dose of a substance. · 一条剂量反应曲线把反应(影响)对物质的剂量作图。
The threshold
- Many substances have a threshold 阈值 dose.
- Below the threshold, there is no visible effect.
- Above it, the effect begins and grows.
- Finding the threshold helps set safe exposure limits.
阈值
- 许多物质有一个阈值(threshold)剂量。
- 在阈值之下,没有可见的影响。
- 在它之上,影响开始并增长。
- 找到阈值帮助设定安全的暴露限制。
Little effect or strong effect? · 影响小还是影响强?
Sort each dose by the size of the response it causes on the curve. · 按照曲线上每个剂量引起的反应大小,给它们分类。
On most dose-response curves, as the dose increases, the effect… · 在大多数剂量反应曲线上,随着剂量增加,影响……
Generally, more dose means more effect — the curve rises as the dose increases. · 一般来说,更多的剂量意味着更多的影响——曲线随剂量增加而上升。
The dose below which there is no visible effect is called the . · 在其之下没有可见影响的剂量叫做。
The threshold is the lowest dose that starts to cause a measurable effect. · 阈值是开始造成可测量影响的最低剂量。
The dose makes the poison
- Almost any substance can harm you at a high enough dose.
- Even water is deadly if you drink far too much.
- And a "poison" may be harmless in a tiny amount.
- So it is the dose, not just the substance, that decides the harm.
剂量造就毒物
- 几乎任何物质在足够高的剂量下都能伤害你。
- 即使水,如果你喝得太多也致命。
- 而一种"毒药"在微小的量下可能无害。
- 所以是剂量,不只是物质,决定伤害。
"The dose makes the poison" - even a safe substance can harm you at a high enough dose. · "剂量造就毒物"——即使一种安全的物质在足够高的剂量下也能伤害你。
Almost anything - even water - becomes harmful at a high enough dose. The dose is what matters. · 几乎任何东西——甚至水——在足够高的剂量下都变得有害。剂量才是关键。
Select all · 所有 true statements about dose-response curves. · 选出关于剂量反应曲线的所有正确说法。
The curve links dose to effect and helps set safe limits. The effect very much depends on the dose. · 曲线把剂量与影响联系起来并帮助设定安全限制。影响很大程度上取决于剂量。
The big idea is centuries old: "the dose makes the poison." There's no such thing as a substance that is simply "toxic" or "safe" — it depends entirely on how much. Water, oxygen, even vitamins become harmful at high enough doses; deadly chemicals may be harmless in trace amounts. The dose-response curve is how scientists pin down exactly where "safe" turns into "harmful".
这个大概念有几百年历史:"剂量造就毒物"。没有一种物质简单地是"有毒"或"安全"的——它完全取决于多少量。水、氧气,甚至维生素在足够高的剂量下都变得有害;致命的化学物质在痕量下可能无害。剂量反应曲线是科学家精确确定"安全"在哪里变成"有害"的方式。
Reading a real curve:
- At a very low dose (below the threshold), the test animals show no effect — the curve sits flat at the bottom.
- As the dose climbs, more and more show harm, and the curve rises.
- Past a high dose, nearly all are affected — the curve levels off near the top.
- Regulators read the threshold off this curve to set a legal "safe" limit.
读一条真实的曲线:
- 在很低的剂量下(在阈值之下),试验动物没有显示影响——曲线在底部平坦。
- 随着剂量攀升,越来越多显示伤害,曲线上升。
- 过了高剂量,几乎所有都受影响——曲线在顶部附近趋平。
- 监管者从这条曲线读出阈值来设定法定的"安全"限制。
A dose-response curve plots the response (effect) against the dose of a substance. Usually the effect grows as the dose rises. Many substances have a threshold dose below which there is no visible harm. The core principle is "the dose makes the poison" — almost anything is harmful at a high enough dose, and the curve shows where safe becomes harmful.
一条剂量反应曲线把反应(影响)对物质的剂量作图。通常影响随剂量上升而增长。许多物质有一个阈值剂量,在其之下没有可见的伤害。核心原则是"剂量造就毒物"——几乎任何东西在足够高的剂量下都有害,而曲线显示安全在哪里变成有害。