Photochemical Smog · 光化学烟雾
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| photochemical smog/ˌfəʊtəʊˈkemɪkl smɒɡ/ | 光化学烟雾 | guāng huà xué yān wù |
| sunlight/ˈsʌnlaɪt/ | 阳光 | yáng guāng |
| nitrogen oxides/ˈnaɪtrədʒn ˈɒksaɪdz/ | 氮氧化物 | dàn yǎng huà wù |
| vapours/ˈveɪpəz/ | 蒸气 | zhēng qì |
| ozone/ˈəʊzəʊn/ | 臭氧 | chòu yǎng |
Smog you can see
- On hot city days, a brown haze can hang in the air.
- This is photochemical smog 光化学烟雾.
- "Photochemical" means it is made by sunlight 阳光.
- It stings the eyes and makes it hard to breathe.
你能看见的烟雾
- 在炎热的城市日子里,一层棕色的雾能悬在空气中。
- 这是光化学烟雾(photochemical smog)。
- "光化学"意味着它由阳光(sunlight)制造。
- 它刺痛眼睛,让人难以呼吸。
It starts with traffic
- Cars and trucks pour out nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物 (NOx).
- They also release vapours 蒸气 from fuel, called VOCs.
- On their own these are primary pollutants.
- But sunlight turns them into something worse.
它始于交通
- 汽车和卡车涌出氮氧化物(nitrogen oxides,NOx)。
- 它们还从燃料释放蒸气(vapours),叫做VOC。
- 它们本身是一次污染物。
- 但阳光把它们变成更糟的东西。
Photochemical smog needs which one to form? · 光化学烟雾需要以下哪一个来形成?
"Photochemical" means light-driven — strong sunlight powers the reactions that make smog. · "光化学"意味着由光驱动——强烈的阳光为制造烟雾的反应提供动力。
Sunlight builds ozone
- Strong sunlight drives NOx and vapours to react.
- The reaction makes ground-level ozone 臭氧.
- Ozone is a secondary pollutant — no engine emits it directly.
- It is the main harmful gas in smog.
阳光造出臭氧
- 强烈的阳光驱动NOx和蒸气反应。
- 反应制造地面臭氧(ozone)。
- 臭氧是二次污染物——没有引擎直接排放它。
- 它是烟雾中主要的有害气体。
How photochemical smog forms · 光化学烟雾如何形成
Follow car exhaust and sunlight combining into the ozone smog over a city. · 跟随汽车尾气和阳光结合成城市上空的臭氧烟雾。
The pollutants that start photochemical smog come mostly from… · 引发光化学烟雾的污染物主要来自……
Vehicle exhaust supplies the nitrogen oxides and vapours that sunlight turns into smog. · 车辆尾气提供阳光变成烟雾的氮氧化物和蒸气。
The main harmful gas in photochemical smog is ground-level . · 光化学烟雾中主要的有害气体是地面。
Ground-level ozone is the key ingredient of smog and irritates the lungs. · 地面臭氧是烟雾的关键成分,刺激肺部。
Why it is worst when it is
- Smog needs sunlight, so it peaks on hot, sunny afternoons.
- It needs traffic, so it is worst in big, crowded cities.
- Still air lets it build up instead of blowing away.
- Hot + sunny + traffic + calm = a bad smog day.
为什么它在特定时候最严重
- 烟雾需要阳光,所以它在炎热、晴朗的下午达到峰值。
- 它需要交通,所以它在大而拥挤的城市里最严重。
- 静止的空气让它积累而不是吹散。
- 热+晴+交通+无风=糟糕的烟雾天。
Smog is usually worst on hot, sunny days in cities with heavy traffic. · 烟雾通常在交通繁忙的城市里炎热、晴朗的日子最严重。
Heat, sunlight, and traffic all feed smog, so hot sunny city afternoons are the worst. · 热、阳光和交通都助长烟雾,所以炎热晴朗的城市下午最严重。
Select all · 所有 ingredients photochemical smog needs. · 选出光化学烟雾需要的所有成分。
Smog forms from sunlight + nitrogen oxides + vapours. Rain actually clears the air. · 烟雾由阳光+氮氧化物+蒸气形成。雨实际上清洁空气。
Ground-level ozone is the villain here — and it's a secondary pollutant. No tailpipe emits ozone; sunlight builds it in the air from exhaust. Don't confuse it with the good ozone high up in the stratosphere, which shields us from UV. Ozone is helpful up high and harmful down low — same molecule, opposite effect.
地面臭氧是这里的反派——而且它是二次污染物。没有排气管排放臭氧;阳光在空气中从尾气造出它。别把它和高处平流层里好的臭氧混淆,后者保护我们免受UV。臭氧在高处有益,在低处有害——同一个分子,相反的效果。
A hot city afternoon:
- Morning traffic has filled the air with nitrogen oxides and fuel vapours.
- The midday sun beats down, driving those pollutants to react and build up ozone.
- With no wind to clear it, a brown smog settles over the skyline — and hospitals see more people with breathing trouble.
一个炎热的城市下午:
- 早晨的交通已经用氮氧化物和燃料蒸气充满了空气。
- 正午的太阳炙烤,驱动那些污染物反应并积累臭氧。
- 没有风来清除它,一层棕色的烟雾笼罩天际线——医院看到更多有呼吸困难的人。
Photochemical smog forms when sunlight drives nitrogen oxides and fuel vapours (from traffic) to react, building up ground-level ozone — a secondary pollutant that irritates the lungs. It is worst on hot, sunny, calm days in traffic-heavy cities.
光化学烟雾在阳光驱动氮氧化物和燃料蒸气(来自交通)反应时形成,积累起地面臭氧——一种刺激肺部的二次污染物。它在交通繁忙的城市里炎热、晴朗、无风的日子最严重。